Tamminen Lena-Mari, Emanuelson Ulf, Blanco-Penedo Isabel
Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Animal Welfare Subprogram, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Girona, Spain.
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Jun 22;5:140. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00140. eCollection 2018.
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a growing global threat and has aroused a global interest in limiting antibiotic use in animal agriculture. As we are entering the post-antibiotic era, there is a growing need for identifying alternatives to antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Although phytotherapeutic remedies are available and are used in Europe, evidence of their efficacy is currently very limited but is nevertheless still necessary. A systematic review of phytotherapy used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in farm animals has been conducted using the PICOS approach. Analysis and extraction of information from studies was performed according to a protocol, and included: publication year and source, research body, species, farming system, purpose of application, disease in focus, diagnostic method, remedy used (origin and ingredients of the remedy), producer of remedy, way of administration, study design, and control groups, measure of effect, and outcome of the study. A total of 1,705 papers were screened, but only 44 (comprising 53 independent studies) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the scientific studies identified show limitations in the study design as well as in presentation and standardization of the botanical remedies studied, which limits the possibilities of drawing firm conclusions. Preventive effect was investigated in 89% of the studies. Half of the studies reported uncertain effects of the botanical remedies on subclinical measures in comparison to a control group. The review highlights unresolved questions such as the need for standardized controlled trials and for improved standardization of the botanical products by analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography. It is necessary to consider this in order to achieve replicable outcomes and establish efficacy and safety of phytotherapy in farm practice. The manageability of alternative medicine in farm animals also warrants further investigation so as to ascertain whether all necessary preconditions for their use are being granted.
抗生素耐药性的出现和传播是一个日益严重的全球威胁，已引起全球对限制畜牧业抗生素使用的关注。随着我们进入后抗生素时代，越来越需要确定抗生素的替代物用于预防和治疗。尽管植物疗法药物在欧洲已有使用，但目前其疗效证据非常有限，不过仍然是必要的。已使用PICOS方法对用于治疗和预防农场动物传染病的植物疗法进行了系统评价。根据一项方案对研究中的信息进行分析和提取，包括：出版年份和来源、研究机构、物种、养殖系统、应用目的、重点疾病、诊断方法、所用药物（药物的来源和成分）、药物生产商、给药方式、研究设计、对照组、效果衡量指标以及研究结果。共筛选了1705篇论文，但只有44篇（包含53项独立研究）符合纳入标准。大多数已确定的科学研究在研究设计以及所研究植物药物的呈现和标准化方面存在局限性，这限制了得出确凿结论的可能性。89%的研究调查了预防效果。与对照组相比，一半的研究报告植物药物对亚临床指标的影响不确定。该综述突出了一些未解决的问题，如需要进行标准化对照试验以及通过高效液相色谱等分析方法改进植物产品的标准化。为了在农场实践中实现可重复的结果并确定植物疗法的疗效和安全性，有必要考虑这一点。农场动物替代药物的可管理性也值得进一步研究，以确定其使用的所有必要前提条件是否得到满足。
