O'Connor Sean, Sonni Akshata, Karmarkar Uma, Spencer Rebecca M C
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 22;9:921. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00921. eCollection 2018.
When offered a choice of $40 today or $50 later, many would choose the immediate reward over the greater delayed reward. Such behavior is a result of future gains being discounted such that their value is rendered less than that of the immediate gain. Extreme discounting behaviors are associated with impulsivity and addiction. Given recent evidence of sleep's role in decision making, we tested the hypothesis that sleep would reduce delayed discounting behavior. Twenty young adults ( = 20.19 years, = 0.98 years; 6 males) performed a hypothetical delay discounting task, making a series of choices between an immediate reward (from $0 to $50) or a larger reward ($50) available at a delay of 2, 4, 8, 14, or 22 weeks. Participants performed the task before and after a mid-day nap, and before and after an equivalent interval of wake (within subject, order counterbalanced, wake, and sleep conditions separated by 1 week). As expected, indifference points decreased with longer delays both prior to and following the nap/wake interval. However, the impact of a nap interval on discounting did not differ from the impact of a wake interval. Thus, while sleep has been shown to play an active role in some financial decision-making tasks, a nap is not sufficient to change delay discounting behavior.
当面临今天获得40美元或稍后获得50美元的选择时，许多人会选择即时奖励而非更大的延迟奖励。这种行为是未来收益被折扣的结果，以至于其价值被认为低于即时收益。极端的折扣行为与冲动性和成瘾有关。鉴于最近有证据表明睡眠在决策中发挥作用，我们测试了这样一个假设，即睡眠会减少延迟折扣行为。20名年轻人（平均年龄 = 20.19岁，标准差 = 0.98岁；6名男性）完成了一项假设性的延迟折扣任务，在即时奖励（0美元至50美元）或延迟2、4、8、14或22周后可获得的更大奖励（50美元）之间进行一系列选择。参与者在午睡前后以及同等时长的清醒前后完成该任务（在个体内部，顺序平衡，清醒和睡眠条件间隔1周）。正如预期的那样，在午睡/清醒间隔之前和之后，无差异点都随着延迟时间的延长而降低。然而，午睡间隔对折扣的影响与清醒间隔的影响并无差异。因此，虽然睡眠已被证明在某些财务决策任务中发挥积极作用，但午睡不足以改变延迟折扣行为。
