Interaction of plasma gelsolin with G-actin and F-actin in the presence and absence of calcium ions.

Plasma gelsolin formed a very tight 1:2 complex with G-actin in the presence of Ca2+, but no interaction between gelsolin and G-actin was detected in the presence of excess EGTA. However, the 1:2 complex dissociated into a 1:1 gelsolin:actin complex and monomeric actin when excess EGTA was added. Plasma gelsolin bound tightly to the barbed ends of actin filaments and also severed filaments in the presence of Ca2+ and bound weakly to the filament barbed end in the presence of EGTA. The 1:2 gelsolin-actin complex bound to the barbed ends of filaments but did not sever them. By blocking the barbed end of filaments with plasma gelsolin, we determined the critical concentration at the pointed end in 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.2 mM ATP to be 4 microM. The dissociation rate constant for ADP-G-actin from the pointed end was estimated to be about 0.4 s-1 and the association rate constant to be about 5 X 10(4) M-1 s-1. Finally, we obtained evidence that plasma gelsolin accelerates but does not bypass the nucleation step and, therefore, that the concentration of gelsolin does not directly determine the concentration of filaments polymerized in its presence. Thus, gelsolin-capped filaments may not provide an absolutely reliable method for determining the rate constant for the association of ATP-G-actin at the pointed ends of filaments, but a reasonable estimate would be 1 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 in 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.2 mM ATP.