Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.
Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul 7;24(25):2647-2660. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2647.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant neoplasia. HCC is characterized by a poor prognosis. The need to find new molecular markers for its diagnosis and prognosis has led to a progressive increase in the number of scientific studies on this topic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that play a role in almost all main cellular pathways. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of expression of the major tumor-related genes in carcinogenesis, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this review was to identify papers published in 2017 investigating the role of miRNAs in HCC tumorigenesis. miRNAs were classified according to their role in the main molecular pathways involved in HCC tumorigenesis: (1) mTOR; (2) Wnt; (3) JAK/STAT; (4) apoptosis; and (5) MAPK. The role of miRNAs in prognosis/response prediction was taken into consideration. Bearing in mind that the analysis of miRNAs in serum and other body fluids would be crucial for clinical management, the role of circulating miRNAs in HCC patients was also investigated. The most represented miRNA-regulated pathway in HCC is mTOR, but apoptosis, Wnt, JAK/STAT or MAPK pathways are also influenced by miRNA expression levels. These miRNAs could thus be used in clinical practice as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤。HCC 的预后较差。为了寻找新的分子标志物用于其诊断和预后，针对这一主题的科学研究数量不断增加。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小的非编码 RNA，在几乎所有主要的细胞途径中都发挥作用。miRNA 参与调节致癌作用中主要肿瘤相关基因的表达，作为癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因发挥作用。本综述的目的是确定 2017 年发表的研究 miRNA 在 HCC 肿瘤发生中的作用的论文。根据它们在 HCC 肿瘤发生中涉及的主要分子途径中的作用对 miRNA 进行分类：（1）mTOR；（2）Wnt；（3）JAK/STAT；（4）细胞凋亡；和（5）MAPK。还考虑了 miRNA 在预后/反应预测中的作用。鉴于分析血清和其他体液中的 miRNA 将对临床管理至关重要，还研究了循环 miRNA 在 HCC 患者中的作用。在 HCC 中受 miRNA 调控最多的途径是 mTOR，但凋亡、Wnt、JAK/STAT 或 MAPK 途径也受 miRNA 表达水平的影响。因此，这些 miRNA 可以在临床实践中用作 HCC 治疗的诊断、预后或治疗靶点。
