Inhibition of angiogenesis in endothelial cells by Human Lysyl oxidase propeptide.

Angiogenesis is a critical process involved in normal physiology. Pathological angiogenesis is observed in vascular diseases and neoplasia. The propeptide domain of LOX (LOX-PP) has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis in various cancers. In this study, we explored the role of both overexpressed and recombinant LOX-PP in naïve human umbilical vein endothelial cell with the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Primarily, we observed a significant reduction in the angiogenesis signaling pathways upon LOX-PP overexpression by proteomic analysis. Further functional analysis showed that the VEGF induced cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation was inhibited by LOX-PP. Moreover, LOX-PP arrested cells at S-phase, reduced F-actin levels and decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). The anti-angiogenic effect of LOX-PP was further confirmed by the reduction in the vascular network formation in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). These results indicate that inhibition of angiogenesis events is not only achieved by overexpressing LOX-PP but also by addition of rLOX-PP. Taken together our findings discovered the anti-angiogenic role of LOX-PP in endothelial cells which suggests that harnessing this potential can be a promising strategy to inhibit angiogenesis.