College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(20):3371-3379. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1492900. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
Significant evidence from epidemiological investigations showed that dietary polyphenols might manage and prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review summarizes human studies and clinical trials of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents. Polyphenols from coffee, guava tea, whortleberry, olive oil, propolis, chocolate, red wine, grape seed, and cocoa have been reported to show anti-diabetic effects in T2D patients through increasing glucose metabolism, improving vascular function as well as reducing insulin resistance and HbA1c level. However, individual flavonoid or isoflavonoid compounds appear to have no therapeutic effect on diabetes, based on the limited clinical data. Preliminary clinical trials provided evidence that resveratrol had anti-diabetic activity in humans by improving glycemic control in subjects with insulin resistance. Besides, anthocyanins exhibited anti-diabetic properties by reducing blood glucose and HbA1c levels or the improvement of insulin secretion and resistance. The structure-activity relationship of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents in humans has been rarely reported.
大量流行病学调查证据表明，膳食多酚可能有助于 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的管理和预防。本综述总结了多酚作为抗糖尿病药物的人体研究和临床试验。咖啡、番石榴茶、越橘、橄榄油、蜂胶、巧克力、红酒、葡萄籽和可可中的多酚已被报道可通过增加葡萄糖代谢、改善血管功能以及降低胰岛素抵抗和 HbA1c 水平，在 T2D 患者中显示出抗糖尿病作用。然而，根据有限的临床数据，个别类黄酮或异黄酮化合物似乎对糖尿病没有治疗作用。初步临床试验提供的证据表明，白藜芦醇通过改善胰岛素抵抗受试者的血糖控制，在人体中具有抗糖尿病活性。此外，花色苷通过降低血糖和 HbA1c 水平或改善胰岛素分泌和抵抗来表现出抗糖尿病特性。多酚作为抗糖尿病药物在人体中的构效关系很少有报道。
