IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2018;11:53-67. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2018.2811735. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
The market for smartphones, smartwatches, and wearable devices is booming. In recent years, individuals and researchers have used these devices as additional tools to monitor and track sleep, physical activity, and behavior. Their use in sleep research and clinical applications could address the difficulties in scaling up studies that rely on polysomnography, the gold-standard. However, the use of commercial devices for large-scale sleep studies is not without challenges. With this in mind, this paper presents an extensive review of sleep monitoring systems and the techniques used in their development. We also discuss their performance in terms of reliability and validity, and consider the needs and expectations of users, whether they are experts, patients, or the general public. Through this review, we highlight a number of challenges with current studies: a lack of standard evaluation methods for consumer-grade devices (e.g., reliability and validity assessment); limitations in the populations studied; consumer expectations of monitoring devices; constraints on the resources of consumer-grade devices (e.g., power consumption).
智能手机、智能手表和可穿戴设备市场正在蓬勃发展。近年来，个人和研究人员已经将这些设备用作额外的工具来监测和跟踪睡眠、身体活动和行为。它们在睡眠研究和临床应用中的使用可以解决依赖多导睡眠图的研究规模扩大的困难，多导睡眠图是金标准。然而，商业设备在大规模睡眠研究中的使用并非没有挑战。有鉴于此，本文对睡眠监测系统及其开发中使用的技术进行了全面回顾。我们还讨论了它们在可靠性和有效性方面的性能，并考虑了用户的需求和期望，无论他们是专家、患者还是普通公众。通过这次审查，我们强调了当前研究中的一些挑战：缺乏针对消费级设备的标准评估方法（例如，可靠性和有效性评估）；研究人群的局限性；消费者对监测设备的期望；消费级设备资源的限制（例如，功耗）。
