Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:1191-1197. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.219. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Animal studies have reported an association between phthalates and depression, although there is limited evidence from epidemiological studies. We investigated the association between phthalate exposure and symptoms of depression in an elderly population.
Repeated measures surveys up to three times were conducted during the study period (2012-2014) in the 535 elderly subjects. We measured the following urinary phthalate metabolite levels: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP are metabolites of diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP). MnBP and MBzP are metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate, respectively. The phthalate metabolite concentrations were evaluated to identify associations with the symptoms of depression using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K). After factor analysis of the components of SGDS-K, we evaluated the association between phthalate exposure and SGDS-K subgroups to determine which symptoms of depression were affected by phthalate exposure.
Concentrations of DEHP metabolites were positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly population (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); 1.92 (1.17-3.13) for sum of three DEHP metabolites), while we found no significant association between depressive symptoms and either MnBP or MBzP. When we evaluated the associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and the SDGS-K subgroup, we found that affective and spiritual symptoms were significantly associated with DEHP metabolite concentrations.
Our study suggests that DEHP exposure is associated with depressive symptoms, particularly, the affective and spiritual symptoms, among the elderly population.
动物研究报告邻苯二甲酸酯与抑郁症之间存在关联，尽管来自流行病学研究的证据有限。我们研究了老年人群中邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与抑郁症状之间的关系。
在研究期间（2012-2014 年），对 535 名老年受试者进行了多达 3 次的重复测量调查。我们测量了以下尿邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平：单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）、单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）、单-（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MECPP）、单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MnBP）和单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBzP）。MEHHP、MEOHP 和 MECPP 是邻苯二甲酸二乙基己基酯（DEHP）的代谢物。MnBP 和 MBzP 分别是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和丁基苄基邻苯二甲酸酯的代谢物。使用韩国版老年抑郁量表-短式（SGDS-K）评估邻苯二甲酸代谢物浓度与抑郁症状之间的关联。在对 SGDS-K 成分进行因子分析后，我们评估了邻苯二甲酸暴露与 SGDS-K 亚组之间的关联，以确定哪些抑郁症状受邻苯二甲酸暴露的影响。
DEHP 代谢物浓度与老年人群抑郁症状的风险呈正相关（优势比（95%置信区间）；三种类 DEHP 代谢物的总和为 1.92（1.17-3.13）），而我们没有发现 MnBP 或 MBzP 与抑郁症状之间存在显著关联。当我们评估邻苯二甲酸代谢物浓度与 SDGS-K 亚组之间的关联时，我们发现情感和精神症状与 DEHP 代谢物浓度显著相关。
我们的研究表明，DEHP 暴露与老年人群的抑郁症状相关，特别是情感和精神症状。
