Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Apr;131(4):47005. doi: 10.1289/EHP10549. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that phthalate exposure may contribute to neurocognitive and neurobehavioral disorders and decreased muscle strength and bone mass, all of which may be associated with reduced physical performance. Walking speed is a reliable assessment tool for measuring physical performance in adults age 60 y and older.
We investigated associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and slowness of walking speed in community-dwelling adults ages 60-98 y.
We analyzed 1,190 older adults [range, 60-98 y of age; , ] from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel II study and measured repeatedly up to three times between 2012 and 2014. Phthalate exposure was estimated using the following phthalate metabolites in urine samples: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono--butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). Slowness was defined as a walking speed of . We used logistic and linear regression models to evaluate the association between each urinary phthalate metabolite and slowness or walking-speed change. We also used Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine overall mixture effects on walking speed.
At enrollment, MBzP levels were associated with an increased odds of slowness [odds ratio (OR) per doubling increase: 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.30; OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.12, 4.35) with -trend across ]. In longitudinal analyses, MEHHP levels showed an increased risk of slowness [OR per doubling increase: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.29), OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.06), ]; whereas those with higher MnBP showed a reduced risk of slowness [OR per doubling increase: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.96), OR in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile: 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.87), ]. For linear regression models, MBzP quartiles were associated with slower walking speed () at enrollment, whereas MEHHP quartiles were associated with slower walking speed, and MnBP quartiles were associated with faster walking speed in longitudinal analysis ( and , respectively). Further, the BKMR analysis revealed negative overall trends between the phthalate metabolite mixtures and walking speed and DEHP group (MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP) had the main effect of the overall mixture.
Urinary concentrations of prevalent phthalates exhibited significant associations with slow walking speed in adults ages 60-98 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10549.
先前的流行病学研究表明，邻苯二甲酸酯暴露可能导致神经认知和神经行为障碍以及肌肉力量和骨量下降，所有这些都可能与身体机能下降有关。步行速度是评估 60 岁及以上成年人身体机能的可靠工具。
我们研究了社区 60-98 岁成年人尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与步行速度缓慢之间的关系。
我们分析了来自韩国老年环境面板 II 研究的 1190 名老年人（年龄范围 60-98 岁；），并在 2012 年至 2014 年期间重复测量了多达三次。邻苯二甲酸酯暴露情况通过尿液样本中的以下邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物来估计：单-（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）、单-（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）、单-正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MnBP）、单-（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MECPP）和单-苄基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBzP）。速度缓慢定义为步行速度为。我们使用逻辑和线性回归模型来评估每个尿液邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与速度缓慢或步行速度变化之间的关系。我们还使用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）来研究整体混合物对步行速度的影响。
在入组时，MBzP 水平与速度缓慢的几率增加相关[每增加一倍的比值比（OR）：1.15，95%置信区间（CI）：1.02，1.30；最高与最低四分位比的比值比：2.20（95%CI：1.12，4.35）与 - 趋势]。在纵向分析中，MEHHP 水平显示出速度缓慢的风险增加[每增加一倍的比值比：1.15（95%CI：1.02，1.29），最高与最低四分位比的比值比：1.47（95%CI：1.04，2.06）]；而 MnBP 水平较高的人则有速度缓慢的风险降低[每增加一倍的比值比：0.84（95%CI：0.74，0.96），最高（与最低）四分位比的比值比：0.64（95%CI：0.47，0.87）]。对于线性回归模型，MBzP 四分位数与入组时较慢的步行速度有关，而 MEHHP 四分位数与较慢的步行速度有关，MnBP 四分位数与纵向分析中较快的步行速度有关（和，分别）。此外，BKMR 分析显示，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物混合物与步行速度呈负相关趋势，而 DEHP 组（MEHHP、MEOHP 和 MECPP）具有整体混合物的主要影响。
在 60-98 岁成年人中，尿液中常见邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度与缓慢的步行速度有显著的关联。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10549.
