Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:1644-1658. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.037. Epub 2018 Jan 28.
Low impact development (LID) systems are increasingly used to manage stormwater, but they have limited capacity to treat stormwater-a resource to supplement existing water supply in water-stressed urban areas. To enhance their pollutant removal capacity, infiltration-based LID systems can be augmented with natural or engineered geomedia that meet the following criteria: they should be economical, readily available, and have capacity to remove a wide range of stormwater pollutants in conditions expected during intermittent infiltration of stormwater. Biochar, a carbonaceous porous co-product of waste biomass pyrolysis/gasification, meets all these criteria. Biochar can adsorb pollutants, improve water-retention capacity of soil, retain and slowly release nutrients for plant uptake, and help sustain microbiota in soil and plants atop; all these attributes could help improve removal of contaminants in stormwater treatment systems. This article discusses contaminant removal mechanisms by biochar, summarizes specific biochar properties that enhance targeted contaminants removal from stormwater, and identifies challenges and opportunities to retrofit biochar in LID to optimize stormwater treatment.
低影响开发（LID）系统越来越多地用于管理雨水，但它们处理雨水的能力有限——雨水是水资源短缺的城市地区补充现有供水的一种资源。为了提高其污染物去除能力，可以在基于渗透的 LID 系统中添加符合以下标准的天然或工程地质介质：它们应该经济实惠、易于获得，并且有能力在预期的间歇性雨水渗透条件下去除各种雨水污染物。生物炭是废物生物质热解/气化的碳质多孔副产物，符合所有这些标准。生物炭可以吸附污染物，提高土壤的保水能力，保留并缓慢释放植物吸收的养分，并有助于维持土壤和植物顶部的微生物群；所有这些特性都有助于提高雨水处理系统中污染物的去除率。本文讨论了生物炭的污染物去除机制，总结了增强生物炭从雨水中去除目标污染物的特定特性，并确定了在 LID 中改造生物炭以优化雨水处理的挑战和机遇。
