Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 4):135753. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135753. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Stormwater from complex land uses is an important contributor of contaminants of concern (COCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Copper, and Zinc to receiving water bodies. A large portion of these COCs bind to particulate matter in stormwater, which can be removed through filtration by traditional media. However, the remaining dissolved COCs can be significant and require special attention such as engineered treatment measures and media. Biochar is a porous sorbent produced from a variety of organic materials. In the last decade biochar has been gaining attention as a stormwater treatment medium due to low cost compared to activated carbon. However, biochar is not a uniform product and selection of an appropriate biochar for the removal of specific contaminants can be a complex process. Biochars are synthesized from various feedstocks and using different manufacturing approaches, including pyrolysis temperature, impact the biochar properties thus affecting ability to remove stormwater contaminants. The local availability of specific biochar products is another important consideration. An evaluation of proposed stormwater control measure (SCM) media needs to consider the dynamic conditions associated with stormwater and its management, but the passive requirements of the SCM. The media should be able to mitigate flood risks, remove targeted COCs under high flow SCM conditions, and address practical considerations like cost, sourcing, and construction and maintenance. This paper outlines a process for selecting promising candidates for SCM media and evaluating their performance through laboratory tests and field deployment with special attention to unique stormwater considerations.
来自复杂土地利用的雨水是受关注污染物（COCs）的重要来源，如多氯联苯（PCBs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）、铜和锌等，这些 COCs 中的很大一部分与雨水中的颗粒物结合，可以通过传统介质过滤去除。然而，剩余的溶解 COCs 可能是显著的，需要特殊的关注，如工程处理措施和介质。生物炭是一种由各种有机材料制成的多孔吸附剂。在过去的十年中，生物炭作为一种雨水处理介质引起了人们的关注，因为它的成本比活性炭低。然而，生物炭不是一种均匀的产品，选择合适的生物炭来去除特定的污染物可能是一个复杂的过程。生物炭是由各种原料合成的，采用不同的制造方法，包括热解温度，都会影响生物炭的特性，从而影响去除雨水污染物的能力。特定生物炭产品的本地可用性是另一个重要的考虑因素。对拟议的雨水控制措施（SCM）介质的评估需要考虑与雨水及其管理相关的动态条件，但也要考虑 SCM 的被动要求。该介质应能够减轻洪水风险，在高流量 SCM 条件下去除目标 COCs，并解决成本、来源以及施工和维护等实际问题。本文概述了选择 SCM 介质有前途的候选物的过程，并通过实验室测试和现场部署评估其性能，特别关注独特的雨水考虑因素。
