Addyman Caspar, Fogelquist Charlotte, Levakova Lenka, Rees Sarah
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 27;9:1048. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01048. eCollection 2018.
Surprisingly little is known about the social dimensions of laughter in preschool children. We studied children's responses to amusing video clips in the presence or absence of peers. The sample consisted of 9 boys and 11 girls aged 31-49 months ( 39.8, 4.2) who watched three cartoons under three different conditions: individually, in pairs, or in groups of 6 or 8. The social viewing conditions showed significantly higher numbers of laughs and smiles than the individual viewing condition. On average children laughed eight times as much in company as on their own and smiled almost three times as much. No differences were found between pairs and groups, and no association was found between subjective funniness ratings and group size. This suggests that the presence of even a single social partner can change behavior in response to humorous material. It supports the idea that laughter and smiles are primarily flexible social signals rather than reflexive responses to humor.
令人惊讶的是，我们对学龄前儿童笑声的社会维度知之甚少。我们研究了儿童在有同伴或无同伴在场的情况下对有趣视频片段的反应。样本包括9名男孩和11名女孩，年龄在31 - 49个月之间（平均39.8个月，标准差4.2个月），他们在三种不同条件下观看了三部卡通片：单独观看、成对观看或6人或8人一组观看。与单独观看条件相比，社交观看条件下的笑声和微笑次数显著更多。平均而言，孩子们在有同伴陪伴时的笑声是独自观看时的八倍，微笑次数几乎是独自观看时的三倍。成对观看和分组观看之间没有发现差异，主观有趣程度评分与组大小之间也没有关联。这表明即使只有一个社交伙伴在场，也会改变对幽默素材的反应行为。这支持了笑声和微笑主要是灵活的社交信号而非对幽默的反射性反应这一观点。
