Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.
Dev Sci. 2011 Jul;14(4):848-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01033.x. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Thirty- and 36-month-old English speakers' (N = 106) ability to produce jokes, distinguish between humorous and sincere intentions, and distinguish between English- and foreign-language speakers, was examined in two tasks. In the Giving task, an experimenter requested one of two familiar objects, and a confederate always gave her the wrong object. In the Naming task, the confederate mislabeled familiar objects. In the English-speaking conditions, the confederate laughed after doing the wrong thing (English-Humor) or said, 'There!' (English-Sincere). In the Foreign conditions, the French- or Italian-speaking confederate laughed (Foreign-Humor) or said, 'D'accord!' or 'Va bene!' (Foreign-Sincere). When preschoolers were subsequently requested to give and name the same objects and a new set of familiar objects they were significantly more likely to imitate and 'do the wrong thing' in the Humor versus Sincere, and in the English versus Foreign conditions.
本研究考察了 30 个月和 36 个月大的英语母语者（N=106）在两个任务中生成笑话、区分幽默和真诚意图、以及区分英语母语者和非英语母语者的能力。在“给予”任务中，实验者请求其中一个熟悉的物体，而一个同伙总是给她错误的物体。在“命名”任务中，同伙错误地标定了熟悉的物体。在英语条件下，同伙在做错事后会笑（英语幽默）或说“There！”（英语真诚）。在外国条件下，说法语或意大利语的同伙会笑（外国幽默）或说法语或意大利语（外国真诚）。当学龄前儿童随后被要求给出和命名相同的物体以及一组新的熟悉的物体时，他们在幽默与真诚、英语与外国的条件下更有可能模仿并“做错事”。
