Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
Policy and Campaigns Department, WaterAid, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Jul 12;12(7):e0006619. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006619. eCollection 2018 Jul.
Neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) have a significant impact on the livelihoods of the world's poorest populations, which often lack access to basic services. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes are included among the key strategies for achieving the World Health Organization's 2020 Roadmap for Implementation for control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). There exists a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of animals on the effectiveness of WASH measures.
This review looked to identify how animal presence in the household influences the effectiveness of water, hygiene and sanitation measures for zoonotic disease control in low and middle income countries; to identify gaps of knowledge regarding this topic based on the amount and type of studies looking at this particular interaction.
Studies from three databases (Medline, Web of Science and Global Health) were screened through various stages. Selected articles were required to show burden of one or more zoonotic diseases, an animal component and a WASH component. Selected articles were analysed. A narrative synthesis was chosen for the review.
Only two studies out of 7588 met the inclusion criteria. The studies exemplified how direct or indirect contact between animals and humans within the household can influence the effectiveness of WASH interventions. The analysis also shows the challenges faced by the scientific community to isolate and depict this particular interaction.
The dearth of studies examining animal-WASH interactions is explained by the difficulties associated with studying environmental interventions and the lack of collaboration between the WASH and Veterinary Public Health research communities. Further tailored research under a holistic One Health approach will be required in order to meet the goals set in the NTDs Roadmap and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
被忽视的人畜共患疾病（NZDs）对世界上最贫困人群的生计有重大影响，而这些人群往往无法获得基本服务。水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）方案被列为实现世界卫生组织 2020 年控制被忽视的热带病（NTDs）实施路线图的关键战略之一。关于动物对 WASH 措施效果的影响，人们知之甚少。
本综述旨在确定家庭中动物的存在如何影响水、卫生和环境卫生措施对中低收入国家人畜共患疾病控制的有效性；根据研究这一特定相互作用的数量和类型，确定该主题知识空白。
从三个数据库（Medline、Web of Science 和全球健康）筛选研究。选定的文章必须展示一种或多种人畜共患疾病、动物成分和 WASH 成分的负担。对选定的文章进行分析。综述选择了叙述性综合。
在 7588 篇文章中，只有 2 篇符合纳入标准。这些研究例证了家庭中动物与人类之间的直接或间接接触如何影响 WASH 干预措施的有效性。分析还显示了科学界在隔离和描述这种特殊相互作用方面所面临的挑战。
研究动物-WASH 相互作用的研究很少，这是由于研究环境干预措施的困难以及 WASH 和兽医公共卫生研究界之间缺乏合作所导致的。为了实现 NTDs 路线图和 2030 年可持续发展议程设定的目标，需要进一步采用整体的“同一健康”方法进行有针对性的研究。
