科特迪瓦南部人类和家畜中土源性蠕虫的流行情况及危险因素

Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminths in humans and domestic animals in southern Côte d'Ivoire.

作者信息

Kouamé Nadège A, Bär Max, Kouadio Jules N, Touré Sadikou, Keiser Jennifer, Coulibaly Jean T

机构信息

UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, Switzerland.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 5;25(1):983. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11099-8.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-11099-8

PMID:40764530

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12323033/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are parasitic diseases caused by worms that infect humans and animals. According to the World Health Organisation, 1.5 billion people worldwide are infected, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of STHs for humans and animals in three health districts in southern Côte d'Ivoire.

METHODS

From October 2022 to April 2023, cross-sectional studies were conducted in three health districts: Agboville, Dabou, and Jacqueville. Overall, 941 school-aged children and 285 domestic animals were investigated. Stool samples were provided by school-aged children and analysed for STH infections with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. In addition, faecal samples were collected from animals' rectums and examined for the detection of STH eggs using a flotation technique. A questionnaire was administered to the heads of participants' households, as well as to the owners of the animals to determine demographic characteristics and identify risk factors associated with STH infections, using generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis.

RESULTS

Trichuris trichiura/incognita (49.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.9%), and hookworm (1.0%) were the STH species found in school-aged children. Jacqueville (67.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.8-73.2%) health district had a higher prevalence of STH compared to the other two health districts, Agboville (49.2%, 95% CI: 43.6-54.8%) and Dabou (46.1% 95% CI: 41.1-51.2%). STH infections were independent of age and sex. Trichuris trichiura/incognita (OR = 0.64; p = 0.009) and A. lumbricoides (OR = 0.68; p = 0.017) infections were negatively correlated with the presence of latrines in households. In animals, Strongyles (41.7%, 95% CI: 35.9-47.7%) and hookworms (21.1%, 95% CI: 16.4-26.2%) were the dominant species. STH infections were most common in pigs, with prevalences of 46.5%, 15.5%, 14.1%, and 7.1%, respectively, for hookworms, Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp., and Ascaris spp.

CONCLUSION

We demonstrated that STH are highly prevalent in both humans and animals sharing the same environment with the lack of latrines as the main risk factor for transmission. In addition to mass drug administration in humans, a One Health approach integrating WASH, Community-Led Total Sanitation, health education, and improved livestock management is essential to control STH transmission across human and animal populations sustainably.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

摘要

背景

土壤传播的蠕虫感染是由感染人类和动物的蠕虫引起的寄生虫病。根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球有15亿人受到感染，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。本研究旨在评估科特迪瓦南部三个卫生区人类和动物土壤传播蠕虫的流行情况及危险因素。

方法

2022年10月至2023年4月，在阿博维尔、达布和雅克维尔三个卫生区进行了横断面研究。总共调查了941名学龄儿童和285只家畜。学龄儿童提供粪便样本，用改良加藤厚涂片法进行土壤传播蠕虫感染分析。此外，从动物直肠采集粪便样本，采用漂浮技术检测土壤传播蠕虫虫卵。通过向参与者家庭户主以及动物主人发放问卷，使用广义估计方程（GEE）分析来确定人口统计学特征并识别与土壤传播蠕虫感染相关的危险因素。

结果

在学龄儿童中发现的土壤传播蠕虫种类有毛首鞭形线虫/未确定种类（49.2%）、蛔虫（13.9%）和钩虫（1.0%）。与其他两个卫生区阿博维尔（49.2%，95%置信区间[CI]：43.6 - 54.8%）和达布（46.1%，95%CI：41.1 - 51.2%）相比，雅克维尔卫生区（67.2%，95%CI：60.8 - 73.2%）土壤传播蠕虫的流行率更高。土壤传播蠕虫感染与年龄和性别无关。毛首鞭形线虫/未确定种类（比值比[OR]=0.64；p = 0.009）和蛔虫感染（OR = 0.68；p = 0.017）与家庭中有无厕所呈负相关。在动物中，圆线虫（41.7%，95%CI：35.9 - 47.7%）和钩虫（21.1%，95%CI：16.4 - 26.2%）是主要种类。土壤传播蠕虫感染在猪中最为常见，钩虫、鞭虫属、类圆线虫属和蛔虫属的感染率分别为46.5%、15.5%、14.1%和7.1%。