Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Co-first authors.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Co-first authors.
Trends Immunol. 2018 Aug;39(8):644-655. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years as a local tumor treatment. The occurrence of systemic antitumor effects manifesting as regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field (abscopal effect) was occasionally observed but deemed too rare and unpredictable to be a therapeutic goal. This has changed with the advent of immunotherapy. Remarkable systemic effects have been observed in patients receiving radiotherapy to control tumors that were progressing during immune checkpoint blockade, stimulating interest in using radiation to overcome primary and acquired cancer resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we review the immunological mechanisms that are responsible for the ability of focal radiation to promote antitumor T cell responses that mediate tumor rejection and, in some cases, result in systemic effects.
放疗作为一种局部肿瘤治疗方法已经使用了一百多年。偶尔会观察到全身性抗肿瘤作用的发生，表现为照射野外肿瘤的消退（远隔效应），但由于其发生过于罕见且不可预测，因此不能作为治疗目标。这种情况随着免疫疗法的出现而改变。在接受放疗以控制免疫检查点阻断期间进展的肿瘤的患者中观察到了显著的全身性作用，这激发了人们对利用辐射来克服原发性和获得性癌症对免疫疗法的耐药性的兴趣。在这里，我们综述了导致局部放疗能够促进抗肿瘤 T 细胞反应的免疫机制，这些反应介导肿瘤排斥，并且在某些情况下会产生全身性作用。
