Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Res Int. 2018 May 30;2018:5896041. doi: 10.1155/2018/5896041. eCollection 2018.
Long-term khat ( Forsk.) chewing has negative effects on human body. Khat constituents appear to be capable of disturbing the delicate equilibrium between damaging and protective mechanisms of a cell that is essential for optimal activity, thereby producing oxidative damage. Therefore, the current study was designed to understand the role of khat on cell toxicity, oxidative stability, and inflammation. Khat was extracted using 60% methanol and assessed calorimetrically for its phenolic and flavonoid contents. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma induced murine monocytic macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7) were used to assess khat effects on cellular inflammation, oxidative stability, and viability. Khat possesses high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The results showed a strong potency of antioxidants in DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. Khat decreases the production of the proinflammatory nitric oxide and induces cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species inhibition. Heavy khat consumption induced-toxicity and symptoms are probably due the harmful effects of its polyphenolic contents.
长期咀嚼恰特草对人体有负面影响。恰特草的成分似乎能够扰乱细胞内破坏和保护机制之间的微妙平衡，而这种平衡对于细胞的最佳活动是至关重要的，从而产生氧化损伤。因此，本研究旨在了解恰特草对细胞毒性、氧化稳定性和炎症的作用。恰特草使用 60%甲醇提取，并通过比色法评估其酚类和类黄酮含量。1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼基（DPPH）自由基清除、氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）和铁还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定用于评估抗氧化性能。脂多糖和干扰素 γ 诱导的鼠单核巨噬细胞系（RAW 264.7）用于评估恰特草对细胞炎症、氧化稳定性和活力的影响。恰特草含有丰富的多酚和类黄酮。结果表明，DPPH、ORAC 和 FRAP 测定中抗氧化剂的活性很强。恰特草可降低促炎一氧化氮的产生，并诱导细胞毒性和抑制活性氧。大量恰特草消费引起的毒性和症状可能是由于其多酚含量的有害影响。
