Vocational High School of Health Services, Program of Emergency and First Aid, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jul 12;190(8):462. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6829-6.
Pollen is one of the most valuable nutrients due to its content and antioxidant activity. In this study, its botanic origin, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%), and heavy metal content were examined to determine the quality of pollen that has been collected from seven different cities of Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origin of samples is six uni-flora and one multiflora. The TPC, TFC, HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, and MCA were found between 1360.70-2981.34 mg GAE/100 g, 74.23-111.74 mg CAE/100 g, 25.56-30.28 μg/mL, 71.92-73.86%, 52.26-53.27 μg/mL, and 43.97-65.21%, respectively. When obtained results compared to the standards (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (TOC)), pollen samples showed the effective antioxidant properties with respect to HPSA, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were being contaminated with most of the metals to some extent (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, B, As, Te, U), while some heavy metals (Co, Cd, V, Ga, and Ag) were never determined in all samples. However, Pb was determined only in sample 2 and sample 4, Mo in sample 1 and sample 2. According to meteorological parameters, samples 3, 4, and 5 were distinguished from the other samples. Finally, the data indicate that pollen could be affected by environmental pollutions.
花粉是最有价值的营养物质之一，因为它的含量和抗氧化活性。在这项研究中，它的植物起源、总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、过氧化氢清除活性（HPSA）（以 SC 表示）、铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性（以 SC 表示）、金属螯合活性（MCA）（%）和重金属含量进行了检查，以确定从土耳其七个不同城市采集的花粉的质量。根据蜜粉分析，样品的植物起源是六单种植物和一种多种植物。TPC、TFC、HPSA、FRAP、DPPH 和 MCA 的含量分别为 1360.70-2981.34mgGAE/100g、74.23-111.74mgCAE/100g、25.56-30.28μg/mL、71.92-73.86%、52.26-53.27μg/mL 和 43.97-65.21%。当将获得的结果与标准（丁基化羟基茴香醚（BHA）、丁基化羟基甲苯（BHT）和α-生育酚（TOC））进行比较时，花粉样品在 HPSA、FRAP 和 DPPH 自由基清除活性方面表现出有效的抗氧化特性。此外，观察到蜂蜜样品在某种程度上受到大多数金属的污染（Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、B、As、Te、U），而一些重金属（Co、Cd、V、Ga 和 Ag）在所有样品中从未确定过。然而，仅在样品 2 和样品 4 中检测到 Pb，仅在样品 1 和样品 2 中检测到 Mo。根据气象参数，将样品 3、4 和 5 与其他样品区分开来。最后，数据表明花粉可能会受到环境污染的影响。
