Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
J Plant Physiol. 2018 Oct;229:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.010. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
Roots respond to a cocktail of chemicals from microbes in the rhizosphere. Infochemicals in nmol concentrations activate receptor-mediated signal pathways, which reprogram the plant responses to environmental changes. The microbial signals have to pass the cell wall to activate pattern recognition receptors at the surface of the plant plasma membrane. The structure of the cell wall is not only a barrier for the signaling molecules, but also changes permanently during growth and development, as well as in response to microbial attacks or abiotic stress. Recently, cellooligomers (COMs) were identified as novel chemical mediators in Arabidopsis thaliana, which inform the cell about the alterations in and around the cell wall. They can be of microbial and plant origin and represent novel invasion patterns (Cook et al., 2015). COMs initiate Ca-dependent signaling events that reprogram the cell and adjust the expression and metabolite profiles as well as innate immunity in response to changes in their rhizosphere environment and the state of the cell wall. COMs operate synergistically with other signals or their recognition machineries and activates local and systemic responses in the entire plant. They also adjust the performance of the areal parts of the plant to signals perceived by the roots. Here, I summarize our current knowledge about COMs and propose strategies for future investigations.
根系对根际微生物产生的化学鸡尾酒有反应。纳摩尔浓度的信息素激活受体介导的信号通路，从而重新编程植物对环境变化的反应。微生物信号必须穿过细胞壁，才能在植物质膜表面激活模式识别受体。细胞壁的结构不仅是信号分子的屏障，而且在生长发育过程中以及对微生物攻击或非生物胁迫的反应中会永久改变。最近，细胞寡聚物（COMs）被鉴定为拟南芥中的新型化学介质，它们向细胞报告细胞壁及其周围的变化。它们可以来自微生物和植物，代表新的入侵模式（Cook 等人，2015 年）。COMs 引发 Ca 依赖性信号事件，重新编程细胞，并根据其根际环境和细胞壁状态的变化，调整表达和代谢物谱以及先天免疫。COMs 与其他信号或其识别机制协同作用，激活整个植物的局部和系统反应。它们还根据根系感知到的信号来调整植物地上部分的性能。在这里，我总结了我们目前对 COMs 的了解，并提出了未来研究的策略。
