Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 May 27;23(2):185. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01107-y.
Climate change alters the seasonal synchronization between plants and respective pests plus pathogens. The geographical infiltration helps to shift their hosts, resulting in novel outbreaks that damage forests and ecology. Traditional management schemes are unable to control such outbreaks, therefore unconventional and competitive governance is needed to manage forest pests and pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) treatment method can be implemented to protect forest trees. Exogenous dsRNA triggers the RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a vital gene, and suspends protein production, resulting in the death of targeted pathogens and pests. The dsRNA treatment method is successful for many crop insects and fungi, however, studies of dsRNA against forest pests and pathogens are depleting. Pesticides and fungicides based on dsRNA could be used to combat pathogens that caused outbreaks in different parts of the world. Although the dsRNA has proved its potential, the crucial dilemma and risks including species-specific gene selection, and dsRNA delivery methods cannot be overlooked. Here, we summarized the major fungi pathogens and insect pests that have caused outbreaks, their genomic information, and studies on dsRNA fungi-and pesticides. Current challenges and opportunities in dsRNA target decision, delivery using nanoparticles, direct applications, and a new method using mycorrhiza for forest tree protection are discussed. The importance of affordable next-generation sequencing to minimize the impact on non-target species is discussed. We suggest that collaborative research among forest genomics and pathology institutes could develop necessary dsRNA strategies to protect forest tree species.
气候变化改变了植物与其相应害虫和病原体之间的季节性同步性。地理渗透有助于转移它们的宿主，导致新的爆发，破坏森林和生态。传统的管理方案无法控制此类爆发，因此需要非常规和有竞争力的治理来管理森林害虫和病原体。RNA 干扰 (RNAi) 介导的双链 RNA (dsRNA) 处理方法可用于保护森林树木。外源性 dsRNA 触发 RNAi 介导的关键基因沉默，并暂停蛋白质的产生，导致目标病原体和害虫的死亡。dsRNA 处理方法对许多作物昆虫和真菌都很成功，但针对森林害虫和病原体的 dsRNA 研究却在减少。基于 dsRNA 的杀虫剂和杀菌剂可用于防治在世界不同地区爆发的病原体。尽管 dsRNA 已证明其潜力，但仍存在一些关键的困境和风险，包括物种特异性基因选择和 dsRNA 传递方法。在这里，我们总结了已爆发的主要真菌病原体和昆虫害虫及其基因组信息，以及 dsRNA 真菌和杀虫剂的研究。讨论了 dsRNA 靶标决策、使用纳米粒子进行传递、直接应用以及利用菌根为森林树木提供保护的新方法的当前挑战和机遇。还讨论了使用负担得起的下一代测序技术将对非目标物种的影响降到最低的重要性。我们建议森林基因组学和病理学研究所之间开展合作研究，以制定必要的 dsRNA 策略来保护森林树种。
