Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, India.
Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, India; Nature's Foster, P. Box. 41, Shastri Road, Bongaigaon, Assam 783380, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Oct 28;225:220-233. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.011. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Knowledge on the use of plants for different ailments by the tribals of the Chirang Reserve Forest (CRF, Northeast India) was used to assess the potential of these plants for treating viral, bacterial and fungal infections.
Fieldwork in the CRF documented the use of plants for the treatment of various human ailments. The ethnobotanical data were analysed using different quantitative indices viz. Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Fidelity Level (FL), Relative Popularity Level (RPL) and Rank Order Priority (ROP). For each plant, four extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, ethanol, acetone and hexane) and tested for bioactivity such as antiviral (Enterovirus 71) and antimicrobial (E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans) effects. To develop fingerprints, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out with at least one extract of each active plant.
Thirty-seven plant species belonging to 26 families used frequently in the CRF were categorised into twenty disease(s) and markedly high ICF values (0.5-1) were found. The FL of the 19 most important plant species ranged from 10% to 100%. Aglaia spectabilis, Actinodaphne obovata, Bischofia javanica, Gmelina arborea, Hodgsonia macrocarpa and Mesua ferrea were the most popular plant species with RPL values > 0.4. The most commonly treated diseases were skin infections, worm infections, diarrhoea, dysentery, common cold and throat infections, cough and respiratory problems, fever, malaria, rheumatism, pain, stomach ache and gastric problems. Among the taxonomic families, the most represented are Lauraceae (4 species); Meliaceae (3 species), Euphorbiaceae, Elaecarpoceae, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae and Myrtaceae (2 species each). Of these, 35 plants (95%) with 91 of their extracts were found to be active against S. aureus (inhibition > 50%). Similarly, over half of the tested plants inhibited growth of E. coli (19 plants with 31 extracts) while 9 plants with 14 extracts were active against C. albicans. Moreover, one-third (12) of the plants showed anti-enteroviral activity. TLC analysis of the extracts indicates the presence of different phytochemical classes such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids and saponins based on observing characteristic spots under visible or UV light (254 or 360 nm), with or without derivatisation.
Thirty-seven plants commonly used by the tribes of the CRF as anti-infective agents offer perspectives for further research, as the phytochemistry and phytopharmacology for most of these plants have not been published to date.
对 Chirang 保留森林（印度东北部）部落使用植物治疗各种疾病的知识进行了评估，以评估这些植物在治疗病毒、细菌和真菌感染方面的潜力。
在 Chirang 保留森林进行的实地考察记录了植物用于治疗各种人类疾病的用途。使用不同的定量指标（信息共识因子[ICF]、相对频率引文[RFC]、保真度水平[FL]、相对流行度水平[RPL]和等级优先顺序[ROP]）分析民族植物学数据。对每种植物，用不同的溶剂（水、乙醇、丙酮和己烷）制备四种提取物，并测试抗病毒（肠道病毒 71）和抗微生物（大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌）作用。为了建立指纹图谱，对每种活性植物的至少一种提取物进行了薄层色谱（TLC）分析。
在 Chirang 保留森林中经常使用的 37 种植物属于 26 个科，分为 20 种疾病，发现信息共识因子（ICF）值明显较高（0.5-1）。19 种最重要植物的 FL 范围为 10%至 100%。Aglaia spectabilis、Actinodaphne obovata、 Bischofia javanica、Gmelina arborea、Hodgsonia macrocarpa 和 Mesua ferrea 是最受欢迎的植物物种，其 RPL 值大于 0.4。最常治疗的疾病是皮肤感染、蠕虫感染、腹泻、痢疾、普通感冒和喉咙感染、咳嗽和呼吸道问题、发烧、疟疾、风湿病、疼痛、胃痛和胃问题。在分类科中，最具代表性的是樟科（4 种）；楝科（3 种）、大戟科、铁青科、木兰科、锦葵科、桑科和桃金娘科（各 2 种）。其中，35 种植物（95%）的 91 种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌有活性（抑制率大于 50%）。同样，超过一半的测试植物抑制大肠杆菌的生长（19 种植物有 31 种提取物），而 9 种植物有 14 种提取物对白色念珠菌有活性。此外，三分之一（12 种）的植物表现出抗肠道病毒活性。提取物的 TLC 分析表明，根据在可见光或紫外光（254 或 360nm）下观察到的特征斑点，存在不同的植物化学类，如生物碱、类黄酮、糖苷、萜类和皂苷，有或没有衍生化。
Chirang 保留森林部落常用的 37 种植物作为抗感染药物，为进一步研究提供了前景，因为迄今为止，这些植物中的大多数植物的植物化学和植物药理学尚未公布。
