性别对乳清蛋白摄入对健康年轻成年人能量摄入、食欲、胃排空和肠道激素反应的急性影响的作用。

Effect of gender on the acute effects of whey protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses in healthy young adults.

机构信息

Discipline of Medicine and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia.

出版信息

Nutr Diabetes. 2018 Jul 13;8(1):40. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0048-7.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Protein supplements, usually drinks rich in whey protein, are used widely for weight loss purposes in overweight adults. Information comparing the effects of whey protein on appetite and energy intake in men and women is limited. The objective was to compare the acute effects of whey-protein intake on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormones in healthy young men and women.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: Gastric emptying (3D-ultrasonography), blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0-180 min), appetite (visual analogue scales), and ad libitum energy intake from a buffet meal (180-210 min) were determined after ingestion of 30 g (120 kcal) or 70 g (280 kcal) whey protein, or a flavoured-water control drink (~2 kcal) in 8 healthy young men (25 ± 2 y, 72 ± 3 kg, 23 ± 1 kg/m) and 8 women (23 ± 1 y, 64 ± 2 kg, 24 ± 0.4 kg/m).

RESULTS

There was a protein-load effect on gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, CCK, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations, and perceptions of hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake (average decrease of 206 ± 39 kcal (15 ± 2%) for men and of 46 ± 54 kcal (0 ± 26%) for women for the mean of the intakes after the 30 and 70 g whey-protein loads) and hunger were suppressed more by whey-protein ingestion in men than women (P = 0.046). There was no difference in suppression of energy intake between the 30 and 70 g protein loads (P = 0.75, interaction effect P = 0.19). Consequently, total energy intake (protein drink plus buffet meal) increased more compared to control in women than men (P = 0.010). The drinks emptied more slowly, and plasma glucagon, CCK and GLP-1 increased less after the protein drinks, in women than men (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The acute effects of whey protein ingestion on appetite, energy intake, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses are influenced by gender in healthy young adults.

背景/目的：蛋白质补充剂，通常是富含乳清蛋白的饮料，被广泛用于超重成年人的减肥目的。关于乳清蛋白对男性和女性食欲和能量摄入影响的信息有限。本研究旨在比较乳清蛋白摄入对健康年轻男性和女性的能量摄入、食欲、胃排空和肠道激素的急性影响。

方法

在 8 名健康年轻男性（25 ± 2 岁，72 ± 3 kg，23 ± 1 kg/m）和 8 名女性（23 ± 1 岁，64 ± 2 kg，24 ± 0.4 kg/m）中，摄入 30 g（120 千卡）或 70 g（280 千卡）乳清蛋白或风味水对照饮料（~2 千卡）后，通过 3D 超声检查测定胃排空、血糖和血浆胰岛素、胰高血糖素、胃饥饿素、胆囊收缩素（CCK）、胃抑制肽（GIP）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）浓度（0-180 分钟）、食欲（视觉模拟评分）和自助餐的随意能量摄入（180-210 分钟）。

结果

胃排空、血糖、血浆胰岛素、胰高血糖素、胃饥饿素、CCK、GIP 和 GLP-1 浓度以及饥饿感、食欲和预期食物摄入量存在蛋白负荷效应（P<0.05）。男性的随意能量摄入（平均减少 206±39 千卡（15±2%），女性减少 46±54 千卡（0±26%），平均摄入后 30 和 70 g 乳清蛋白负荷）和饥饿感的抑制作用在男性中比女性更明显（P=0.046）。30 和 70 g 蛋白质负荷之间的能量摄入抑制作用无差异（P=0.75，交互作用 P=0.19）。因此，与男性相比，女性的蛋白质饮料加自助餐的总能量摄入增加更多（P=0.010）。女性的饮料排空速度较慢，血浆胰高血糖素、CCK 和 GLP-1 升高幅度低于男性（P<0.05）。