A human origin strain DDS-1 exhibits superior probiotic efficacy in comparison to plant or dairy origin probiotics.

: The health benefits of probiotics are well established and known to be strain-specific. However, the role of probiotics obtained from different origins and their efficacy largely remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of probiotics from different origins. : Probiotic strains utilized in this study include DDS-1 (human origin), UABla-12 (human origin), UALp-05 (plant origin) and UASt-09 (dairy origin). Screening assays such as digestion simulation, adhesion, cell viability and cytokine release were used to evaluate the probiotic potential. : All strains showed good resistance in the digestion simulation process, especially DDS-1 and UALp-05, which survived up to a range of 10 to 10 CFU/mL from an initial concentration of 10 CFU/mL. Two human colonic mucus-secreting cells, HT-29 and LS174T, were used to assess the adhesion capacity, cytotoxicity/viability, and cytokine quantification. All strains exhibited good adhesion capacity. No significant cellular cytotoxicity or loss in cell viability was observed. DDS-1 and UALp-05 significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10 and downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine production. All the strains were able to downregulate IL-8 cytokine levels. : Of the 4 strains tested, DDS-1 demonstrated superior survival rates, good adhesion capacity and strong immunomodulatory effect under different experimental conditions.