Peña-Rodas Oscar, Martinez-Lopez Roxana, Hernandez-Rauda Roberto
Laboratorio de Inocuidad de Alimentos, Universidad Doctor Andres Bello, 1a Calle Poniente y 41a Avenida Norte, 2128, Colonia Flor Blanca, San Salvador, El Salvador, América Central.
Direccion de Investigacion y Proyeccion Social, Universidad Doctor Andres Bello. 1a Calle Poniente y 41a Avenida Norte, 2128, Colonia Flor Blanca, San Salvador, El Salvador, América Central.
Toxicol Rep. 2018 Jun 2;5:671-678. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.004. eCollection 2018.
Aflatoxin M (AFM) is a metabolite of Aflatoxin B (AFB) and is excreted through cow´s milk. AFM contamination of milk is extended geographically and there might be seasons-related variations for both prevalence and contents, with higher than average values in regions with long periods of drought like El Salvador. Therefore, this project quantified AFM levels in raw cow milk and AFs in cattle feedstuffs, during the transitional dry-rainy seasons of two consecutive years and it determined the variation of occurrence and contents associated to drought. Significant variations were shown from year to year in the prevalence of contamination (30% vs. 20%) and in the average levels of AFM in milk (0.056 vs 0.039 μg/kg), associated with drought and increased temperature. The AFs median levels raised significantly with the drought period (from 22.5 to 10.3 μg/kg). A significant relationship was demonstrated between AFs levels and those of AFM, both in the year with drought and without that condition. AFM positive cases and its levels in milk increase in drought and hot conditions, AFs levels in the cattle feed tend to be higher with the same, as well. Both relationship between AFs and AFM levels and their association with drought were demonstrated. So that, heat and drought stress conditions can evoke raising effects on both Aflatoxins level and occurrence due to AFM in milk is a carryover from AFs contaminated feedstuffs ingested by dairy cows.
黄曲霉毒素M（AFM）是黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）的一种代谢产物，通过牛奶排出。牛奶中AFM的污染在地理上较为广泛，其患病率和含量可能存在与季节相关的变化，在像萨尔瓦多这样长期干旱的地区，其值高于平均水平。因此，该项目在连续两年的干湿季过渡期间对生牛奶中的AFM水平和牛饲料中的黄曲霉毒素（AFs）进行了量化，并确定了与干旱相关的发生率和含量变化。与干旱和气温升高相关，污染患病率（30%对20%）和牛奶中AFM的平均水平（0.056对0.039μg/kg）逐年呈现出显著变化。随着干旱期的延长，AFs的中位数水平显著升高（从22.5至10.3μg/kg）。在有干旱和无干旱的年份，AFs水平与AFM水平之间均显示出显著关系。在干旱和炎热条件下，牛奶中AFM阳性病例及其水平会增加，牛饲料中的AFs水平在同样情况下也往往更高。AFs与AFM水平之间的关系及其与干旱的关联均得到了证实。因此，高温和干旱胁迫条件会对黄曲霉毒素水平及其发生率产生升高影响，因为牛奶中的AFM是奶牛摄入受AFs污染饲料的遗留产物。
