a The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
b University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.
Med Teach. 2018 Aug;40(8):850-854. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484082. Epub 2018 Jul 15.
An essential component of expertise is a clinician's ability to adapt to uncertain, complex, or novel situations while maintaining their competence in routine situations. Adaptive expertise provides a framework for understanding and developing experts who have the skills to effectively balance and support these dimensions of work using both procedural and conceptual knowledge. It is important for educators to understand that often the training which fosters adaptive expertise does not require new tools or approaches, but rather a reconceptualization of training using many of the same instruction and assessment formats already available. The twelve tips discussed in this paper showcase ways in which education can be transformed to support the development of adaptive expertise including the significance of instruction that combines various forms for knowledge, the value of productive struggle, and shifting the design of assessments to support learning and performance beyond retention and direct application.
专长的一个重要组成部分是临床医生在保持日常情况下能力的同时，适应不确定、复杂或新颖情况的能力。适应专长为理解和培养专家提供了一个框架，这些专家具备使用程序性和概念性知识有效平衡和支持工作各个方面的技能。教育工作者必须了解，通常，培养适应专长的培训并不需要新的工具或方法，而是重新考虑使用已经可用的许多相同的教学和评估格式的培训。本文讨论的 12 个技巧展示了教育可以转变的方式，以支持适应专长的发展，包括将各种形式的知识相结合的教学的重要性、富有成效的斗争的价值，以及转变评估设计以支持学习和表现，超越保留和直接应用。
