Donchenko Ekaterina, Trifonova Ekaterina, Nikitin Nikolai, Atabekov Joseph, Karpova Olga
Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
Adv Virol. 2018 Jun 19;2018:1973705. doi: 10.1155/2018/1973705. eCollection 2018.
(AltMV) is a typical member of the genus in its morphology and genome structure; still it exhibits a number of unique features. They allow this virus to be considered a promising object for biotechnology. Virions and virus-like particles (VLPs) of AltMV are stable in a wide range of conditions, including sera of laboratory animals. AltMV VLPs can assemble at various pH and ionic strengths. Furthermore, AltMV virions and VLPs demonstrate high immunogenicity, enhancing the immune response to the target antigen thus offering the possibility of being used as potential adjuvants. Recently, for the first time for plant viruses, we showed the structural difference between morphologically similar viral and virus-like particles on AltMV virions and VLPs. In this review, we discuss the features of AltMV virions, AltMV VLP assembly, and their structure and properties, as well as the characteristics of AltMV isolates, host plants, infection symptoms, AltMV isolation and purification, genome structure, viral proteins, and AltMV-based vectors.
（苜蓿花叶病毒）在形态和基因组结构上是该属的典型成员；但它仍表现出一些独特特征。这些特征使这种病毒成为生物技术领域一个有前景的研究对象。苜蓿花叶病毒的病毒粒子和病毒样颗粒（VLPs）在包括实验动物血清在内的广泛条件下都很稳定。苜蓿花叶病毒的病毒样颗粒能在各种pH值和离子强度下组装。此外，苜蓿花叶病毒的病毒粒子和病毒样颗粒具有高度免疫原性，可增强对靶抗原的免疫反应，因此有作为潜在佐剂使用的可能性。最近，我们首次针对植物病毒揭示了苜蓿花叶病毒粒子和病毒样颗粒上形态相似的病毒颗粒与病毒样颗粒之间的结构差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了苜蓿花叶病毒粒子的特征、苜蓿花叶病毒病毒样颗粒的组装及其结构与特性，以及苜蓿花叶病毒分离株、寄主植物、感染症状、苜蓿花叶病毒的分离与纯化、基因组结构、病毒蛋白和基于苜蓿花叶病毒的载体的特点。
