Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018 Aug;9(4):631-634. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12332. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
In recent years, electrical myostimulation (EMS) is becoming more and more popular to increase muscle function and muscle weight. Especially it is applied in healthy individual after injury to rebuild muscle mass and in severely atrophic patients who are not able or willing to perform conventional exercise training programs. Studies in experimental models as well as in human subjects confirmed that EMS can increase muscle mass by around 1% and improve muscle function by around 10-15% after 5-6 weeks of treatment. Despite a severe increase in circulating creatine kinase during the first session, EMS can be regarded as a safe therapeutic intervention. At the molecular level, EMS improves the anabolic/catabolic balance and stimulates the regenerative capacity of satellite cells. EMS intensity should be as high as individually tolerated, and a minimum of three sessions per week [large pulses (between 300-450 μs), high frequency (50-100 Hz in young and around 30 Hz in older individuals)] for at least 5-6 weeks should be performed. EMS improved functional performances more effectively than voluntary training and counteracted fast type muscle fibre atrophy, typically associated with sarcopenia. The effect of superimposing EMS on conventional exercise training to achieve more muscle mass and better function is still discussed controversially. Nevertheless, EMS should not be regarded as a replacement of exercise training per se, since the beneficial effect of exercise training is not just relying on building muscle mass but it also exerts positive effects on endothelial, myocardial, and cognitive function.
近年来，电肌肉刺激（EMS）越来越受欢迎，可以提高肌肉功能和肌肉重量。特别是在受伤后，它被应用于健康个体以重建肌肉量，以及在无法或不愿意进行常规运动训练计划的严重萎缩患者中。实验模型和人类受试者的研究证实，EMS 可以在 5-6 周的治疗后增加约 1%的肌肉量，并提高约 10-15%的肌肉功能。尽管在第一次治疗过程中循环肌酸激酶会严重增加，但 EMS 可以被认为是一种安全的治疗干预措施。在分子水平上，EMS 改善了合成代谢/分解代谢平衡，并刺激了卫星细胞的再生能力。EMS 强度应尽可能高，个体耐受，每周至少进行 3 次[大脉冲（300-450 μs 之间），高频（年轻人 50-100 Hz，老年人 30 Hz 左右）]，至少 5-6 周。EMS 改善功能表现的效果比自愿训练更有效，并且可以对抗与肌肉减少症相关的快型肌纤维萎缩。将 EMS 叠加在常规运动训练上以获得更多的肌肉量和更好的功能的效果仍存在争议。然而，EMS 本身不应该被视为运动训练的替代品，因为运动训练的有益效果不仅仅依赖于增加肌肉量，它还对内皮、心肌和认知功能产生积极影响。
