NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jan 15;206:1145-1154. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.066. Epub 2017 Dec 9.
The importance of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) to human wellbeing is widely recognised. However, quantifying these non-material benefits is challenging and consequently they are often not assessed. Mapping approaches are increasingly being used to understand the spatial distribution of different CES and how this relates to landscape characteristics. This study uses an online Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) to elicit information on outdoor locations important to respondents in Wiltshire, a dynamic lowland landscape in southern England. We analysed these locations in a GIS with spatial datasets representing potential influential factors, including protected areas, land use, landform, and accessibility. We assess these characteristics at different spatial and visual scales for different types of cultural engagement. We find that areas that are accessible, near to urban centres, with larger views, and a high diversity of protected habitats, are important for the delivery of CES. Other characteristics including a larger area of woodland and the presence of sites of historic interest in the surrounding landscape were also influential. These findings have implications for land-use planning and the management of ecosystems, by demonstrating the benefits of high quality ecological sites near to towns. The importance of maintaining and restoring landscape features, such as woodlands, to enhance the delivery of CES were also highlighted.
文化生态系统服务（CES）对人类福祉的重要性已得到广泛认可。然而，量化这些非物质效益具有挑战性，因此它们通常未被评估。制图方法越来越多地被用于了解不同 CES 的空间分布以及它们与景观特征的关系。本研究使用在线公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）来征集英格兰南部动态低地景观威尔特郡受访者认为重要的户外地点信息。我们在 GIS 中分析了这些地点，并使用代表潜在影响因素的空间数据集，包括保护区、土地利用、地形和可达性。我们评估了不同类型文化参与的不同空间和视觉尺度的这些特征。我们发现，可达性高、靠近城市中心、视野开阔、保护区内栖息地多样性高的地区，对 CES 的提供非常重要。周围景观中林地面积较大和历史名胜存在等其他特征也具有影响力。这些发现对土地利用规划和生态系统管理具有启示意义，表明了在城镇附近拥有高质量生态地的好处。还强调了维护和恢复景观特征（如林地）以增强 CES 提供的重要性。
