Stoian M, Stoica V, Radulian G
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2016 Jul-Sep;120(3):508-14.
With over 1 million cases diagnosed worldwide each year - incidence which seems to rise with the progressive westernization of lifestyles in Asian and African populations - colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women. Colorectal neoplasms and/or pre-neoplasms can be prevented by interfering with the various steps of oncogenesis, which begins with uncontrolled epithelial cell replication, continues with the formation of adenomas and eventually evolves into malignancy. The knowledge described herein will help to reduce and prevent this malignancy, which is one of the most frequent neoplasms in some developed countries. Genetics, experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that colorectal cancer results from complex interactions between inherited susceptibility and environmental factors. Primary prevention involves the identification of genetic, biologic, and environmental factors that are etiologic or pathogenic in the development of cancer, and subsequent complete or significant interference with their effects on carcinogenesis.
每年全球有超过100万例结直肠癌被确诊——随着亚洲和非洲人群生活方式的逐步西化，这一发病率似乎呈上升趋势——结直肠癌是男性和女性中第三大最常被诊断出的癌症。通过干预肿瘤发生的各个步骤，可以预防结直肠肿瘤和/或癌前病变，肿瘤发生始于上皮细胞的失控复制，接着是腺瘤的形成，最终发展为恶性肿瘤。本文所述的知识将有助于减少和预防这种恶性肿瘤，它是一些发达国家最常见的肿瘤之一。遗传学、实验和流行病学研究表明，结直肠癌是由遗传易感性和环境因素之间的复杂相互作用导致的。一级预防包括识别在癌症发生过程中具有病因学或致病性的遗传、生物学和环境因素，并随后对它们对致癌作用的影响进行完全或显著的干预。
