Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Division of Member Services, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL.
Ann Surg. 2019 Feb;269(2):199-205. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002978.
To celebrate the increasing representation of women as leaders in American surgery and provide suggestions for increasing diversity in leadership.
Women were barred from entering the practice of medicine or surgery until the mid 1800's when Elizabeth Blackwell led the way as the first woman admitted to medical school. Although the numbers of women practicing medicine and surgery have increased exponentially since Dr Blackwell graduated, the number of women in leadership positions has remained low until recently.
An analysis of the literature on the history of women in surgery and the websites of the major surgical societies.
More women are now rising to leadership positions in surgery, both in academics and within surgical organizations. The American College of Surgeons and many other surgical societies, as well as an increasing number of academic departments of surgery have realized that women can be inspiring and capable leaders. However, increasing the number of under-represented minority women in leadership positions remains an opportunity for improvement.
Great progress has been made in the advancement of women into leadership positions in surgery. To continue this trend and increase the number of under-represented minority women in surgery will require attention to recruitment, mentorship, and sponsorship.
庆祝女性在美国外科领域的领导地位不断提高，并为增加领导多样性提供建议。
直到 19 世纪中叶，伊丽莎白·布莱克韦尔成为第一位被医学院录取的女性，女性才被禁止行医或从事外科手术。尽管自布莱克韦尔博士毕业以来，从事医学和外科的女性人数呈指数级增长，但担任领导职务的女性人数直到最近才有所增加。
对有关女性外科史的文献和主要外科协会网站进行分析。
现在，越来越多的女性在外科领域的学术和外科组织中担任领导职务。美国外科医师学会和许多其他外科协会以及越来越多的外科系都意识到，女性可以成为鼓舞人心和有能力的领导者。然而，增加代表性不足的少数族裔女性在领导层中的人数仍然是一个有待改进的机会。
在推动女性进入外科领导地位方面已经取得了巨大进展。为了继续这一趋势并增加外科领域代表性不足的少数族裔女性的数量，需要关注招聘、指导和赞助。
