Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
L-BioStat, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Jul 19;13:1259-1266. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S159819. eCollection 2018.
A growing number of studies in older people have been examining the beneficial effects of non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise (PE) and nutritional supplementation, to target age-related syndromes such as sarcopenia and frailty. This study evaluated interpersonal, intrapersonal, and community (dis)incentives, concepts of motivation, and preferred program formats toward a PE or nutritional program in older people, with or without frailty or risk of sarcopenia.
A questionnaire was developed and filled in by 115 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) after content (n=7 experts) and face validation (n=8 older adults). We assessed 1) the agreement with a statement (a statement with which ≥70% of the participants agree or strongly agree is considered as a common statement), 2) concepts of motivation by an exploratory factor analysis, and 3) program preferences by nonparametric Wilcoxon or Friedman's analysis of variance and post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
Intrapersonal motivators (eg, health benefits) were the most common motivators to participate in a PE or nutritional program. Identified concepts to participate in a PE intervention were intrinsic health beliefs, fear of falling or injuries, influence of significant others and environment, and (para)medical encouragement (Cronbach's alpha: 0.75; 72% variance explained). Intrinsic health beliefs, influence of significant others and (para)medical encouragement were identified as concepts that motivate older people to participate in a nutritional intervention (Cronbach's alpha: 0.77; 78% variance explained). No favorability of exercise location was identified; however, older people preferred protein supplement intake in a tablet form compared to liquid or powder form and in a pulsed timing compared with a spread intake.
Program preferences of older people toward nutritional interventions need to be taken into account in future clinical trials and implementation programs, to increase recruitment and adherence to interventions.
越来越多的研究关注非药物干预措施（如体育锻炼和营养补充）对与年龄相关的综合征（如肌肉减少症和虚弱）的有益影响，这些研究对象为老年人。本研究评估了人际关系、个人内部和社区（不）激励因素、动机概念以及老年人对体育锻炼或营养计划的偏好模式，无论其是否患有虚弱或有发生肌肉减少症的风险。
我们制定了一份问卷，由 115 名居住在社区的老年人（年龄≥65 岁）填写，该问卷经过内容（n=7 名专家）和面部验证（n=8 名老年人）。我们评估了：1）对一项陈述的一致性（≥70%的参与者同意或强烈同意的陈述被认为是一项常见陈述）；2）通过探索性因素分析评估动机概念；3）通过非参数 Wilcoxon 或 Friedman 方差分析和事后 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验评估方案偏好。
个人内部激励因素（如健康益处）是参加体育锻炼或营养计划的最常见激励因素。识别出的参加体育干预的概念包括内在健康信念、对跌倒或受伤的恐惧、重要他人和环境的影响以及（辅助）医学鼓励（Cronbach's alpha：0.75；解释 72%的方差）。内在健康信念、重要他人的影响和（辅助）医学鼓励被认为是激励老年人参加营养干预的概念（Cronbach's alpha：0.77；解释 78%的方差）。没有发现对运动地点的偏好；然而，与液体或粉末形式相比，老年人更喜欢片剂形式的蛋白质补充剂，与分散摄入相比，更喜欢脉冲时间摄入。
未来的临床试验和实施计划需要考虑老年人对营养干预的方案偏好，以增加对干预措施的招募和依从性。
