Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1065:93-106. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_6.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most commonly used test in medical practice and as such requires to be interpreted with due care and attention to detail. The ECG changes rapidly from birth through childhood with age differences clearly related to increasing QRS voltages and a widening QRS complex. The only sex difference at this age is a slightly longer QRS duration in boys than girls.In adulthood, sex differences in QRS voltage are maximum in the under 40 age group and tend to minimise with advancing age. QRS duration is longer in males than in females, but little difference is made of this in diagnostic criteria. In a similar vein, ST amplitudes are higher in young males compared to young females with the difference diminishing as age increases. Corrected QT interval is longer in females than males.In summary, age and gender differences in the ECG are important and have been incorporated into a variety of criteria for ECG interpretation. Physicians should be aware of the main sex differences in the ECG.
心电图（ECG）仍然是医学实践中最常用的测试方法，因此需要谨慎解读，并注重细节。心电图随着年龄的增长而迅速变化，儿童期的 QRS 波电压逐渐升高，QRS 波群逐渐增宽。在这个年龄段，唯一的性别差异是男孩的 QRS 持续时间比女孩略长。在成年期，QRS 波电压的性别差异在 40 岁以下的年龄组最大，并随着年龄的增长而逐渐减小。男性的 QRS 持续时间比女性长，但在诊断标准中很少考虑到这一点。同样，与年轻女性相比，年轻男性的 ST 振幅较高，随着年龄的增长，这种差异会减小。女性的校正 QT 间期比男性长。总之，心电图中的年龄和性别差异很重要，并已被纳入多种心电图解读标准。医生应该了解心电图中的主要性别差异。
