Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD) , Cleveland State University , 2121 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States.
School of Life Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , 2 Yikuang-jie , Harbin , Heilongjiang 5001 , China.
ACS Chem Biol. 2018 Sep 21;13(9):2364-2374. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00456. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
Sialic acids (SAs) often exist as the terminal sugars of glycans of either glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface and thus are directly involved in biological processes, such as cell-cell, cell-ligand, and cell-pathogen interactions. Cell surface SA expression levels and their linkages are collectively termed cell surface sialylation status, which represent varying cellular states and contribute to the overall functionality of a cell. Accordingly, systemic and specific profiling of the cell surface sialyation status is critical in deciphering the structures and functions of cell surface glycoconjugates and the molecular mechanisms of their underlying biological processes. In recent decades, several advanced chemical biology approaches have been developed to profile the cell surface sialyation status of both in vitro and in vivo samples, including metabolic labeling, direct chemical modification, and boronic acid coupling approaches. Various investigative technologies have also been explored for their unique competence, including fluorescent imaging, flow cytometry, Raman imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry. In particular, the sialylation status of a specific glycoprotein on the cell surface has been investigated. This review highlights the recent advancements in chemical biology approaches for profiling cell surface sialyation status. It is expected that this review will provide researchers different choices for both biological and biomedical research and applications.
唾液酸（SAs）通常作为糖蛋白或糖脂糖链的末端糖存在于细胞表面，因此直接参与生物过程，如细胞-细胞、细胞-配体和细胞-病原体相互作用。细胞表面 SA 表达水平及其连接方式统称为细胞表面唾液酸化状态，代表不同的细胞状态，并有助于细胞的整体功能。因此，系统和特异性分析细胞表面唾液酸化状态对于解析细胞表面糖缀合物的结构和功能及其潜在生物学过程的分子机制至关重要。在过去几十年中，已经开发了几种先进的化学生物学方法来分析体外和体内样本的细胞表面唾液酸化状态，包括代谢标记、直接化学修饰和硼酸偶联方法。还探索了各种研究技术，以发挥其独特的优势，包括荧光成像、流式细胞术、拉曼成像、磁共振成像（MRI）和基质辅助激光解吸电离成像质谱。特别是，研究了细胞表面上特定糖蛋白的唾液酸化状态。本综述重点介绍了化学生物学方法在分析细胞表面唾液酸化状态方面的最新进展。预计这篇综述将为生物和生物医学研究和应用提供不同的选择。
