Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Oct;25(28):27858-27876. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2820-6. Epub 2018 Jul 28.
The present research designed to assess the protective role of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SO) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced liver and kidney damage in mice. This is evidenced by estimation of antiradical scavenging activity of SO using DPPH assay, biochemical markers, histological investigation of liver and kidney sections, and comet assay. Mice were given CCl (1.2 mL/kg for 24 h or 0.8 mL/kg for 2 weeks, 3 times/week) and with or without SO (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg, for 2 week, 5 times/week). The findings demonstrated that both acute and subacute treatment with CCl alone had adverse side effects on liver and kidney of mice. These effects were evidenced by a significant increase in serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and G-GT), bilirubin, and renal function markers (blood urea, creatinine). Toxic effect of CCl was accompanied by a decline in the serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin (%). CCl induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) along with decreasing serum total glutathione S transferase (GST). A remarkable increase in hepatic DNA strand breakages and histopathological distortion in liver and kidney specimens were observed in CCl-intoxicated groups. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes exhibited irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and distorted microorganelles. Essential oil form S. officinalis possessed antiradical scavenging (EC = 4602 μg/mL) lower than ascorbic acid (EC = 5.9 μg/mL). This oil was effectively exhibited hepato-nephroprotective activity especially at its higher concentrations in co-treated groups (SO plus CCl). The activity of SO was associated with lowering the liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, along with increasing total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin. The increase in GST content and the decrease in LPO and DNA breakage levels, alongside repairing the histo-architectural distortions further confirmed the protective activity of SO. SO is a potential candidate for counteracting hepato/renal injury associating CCl. This effect may occur via antioxidant defense mechanism which in part related to the complexity of its chemical constituents.
本研究旨在评估迷迭香精油（SO）对小鼠四氯化碳（CCl）诱导的肝和肾损伤的保护作用。这可以通过 DPPH 测定法评估 SO 的抗氧化活性、生化标志物、肝和肾组织切片的组织学研究以及彗星试验来证明。小鼠给予 CCl（24 小时 1.2 mL/kg，或每周 3 次 0.8 mL/kg，共 2 周），并用或不用 SO（0.1、0.2 和 0.4 mL/kg，共 2 周，每周 5 次）。结果表明，单独用 CCl 进行急性和亚急性处理对小鼠的肝和肾均有不良副作用。这些影响的证据是血清肝酶（ALT、AST、ALP、LDH 和 G-GT）、胆红素和肾功能标志物（血尿素、肌酐）显著增加。CCl 的毒性作用伴随着血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和凝血酶原（%）的下降。CCl 诱导的氧化应激表现为血清脂质过氧化（LPO）增加，同时血清总谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶（GST）减少。在 CCl 中毒组中观察到肝和肾组织标本中肝 DNA 链断裂和组织病理学变形的显著增加。超微结构上，肝细胞表现出不规则的核、空泡化的细胞质和扭曲的微生物体。迷迭香精油（SO）具有抗氧化活性（EC=4602μg/mL），低于抗坏血酸（EC=5.9μg/mL）。这种油在联合治疗组（SO 加 CCl）中表现出有效的肝-肾保护活性，尤其是在较高浓度时。SO 的活性与降低肝酶、胆红素、尿素和肌酐有关，同时增加总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和凝血酶原。GST 含量的增加和 LPO 及 DNA 断裂水平的降低，以及对组织形态学扭曲的修复，进一步证实了 SO 的保护活性。SO 是对抗与 CCl 相关的肝/肾损伤的潜在候选药物。这种作用可能是通过抗氧化防御机制发生的，该机制部分与它的化学组成的复杂性有关。
