Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Nov;21(11):1168-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.06.018. Epub 2018 Jul 7.
To investigate the heterogeneity of physical adaptation in Australian Army recruits completing a 12-week basic military training regimen.
A prospective research design.
Volunteer recruits (n=195) completed 12-weeks of basic military training. Recruit physical fitness was assessed at week 1, weeks 6-8 and week 12. Recruits in the upper (75th) and lower (25th) quartiles for each assessment were then analysed using a repeated measures two-way ANOVA. The relative magnitude of recruit adaptions were classified as positive response (R, ≥5%), limited response (R, >-5% to <5%) and negative response (R, ≤-5%); Chi-square analysis determined the proportional differences in the distribution of each quartile.
An interaction (p<0.001) was observed in the lower and upper recruit quartiles for all assessments of physical fitness at each time point. After 12 weeks of military training the mean difference of the highest quartile was; 20-m multi-stage fitness test 7.4mL·kg·min, (CI:5.8:9.1), 2-min push-ups 20.1 reps, (CI:16.2:23.9), 1RM box lift 5.6kg, (CI:2.6:5.8) and load carriage 222.1s, (CI:174.7:269.4) compared to the lowest recruit quartile. The highest quartile demonstrated no improvement in 1RM box lift (-4%, -1%) and push-ups (2%, 0%) performance at weeks 6-8 and week 12 respectively. In contrast, adaptations in the lowest quartile for 1RM box lift (16%, 21%) and push-ups (46%, 46%) over the same time periods were observed.
A significant proportion of recruits may complete basic military training with a decline in physical performance. Higher relative-intensity cardiorespiratory and resistance exercise should be considered to facilitate physical adaptation in all recruits.
调查在完成 12 周基础军事训练的澳大利亚陆军新兵中身体适应的异质性。
前瞻性研究设计。
志愿者新兵（n=195）完成了 12 周的基础军事训练。新兵的体能在第 1 周、第 6-8 周和第 12 周进行评估。然后使用重复测量双向方差分析对每个评估的上（第 75 百分位）和下（第 25 百分位）四分位的新兵进行分析。新兵适应的相对幅度分为阳性反应（R，≥5%）、有限反应（R，>-5%至<5%）和阴性反应（R，≤-5%）；卡方分析确定了每个四分位的分布比例差异。
在每个时间点的所有体能评估中，下四分位和上四分位的新兵都观察到了交互作用（p<0.001）。经过 12 周的军事训练，最高四分位的平均差异为：20 米多阶段体能测试 7.4mL·kg·min，（CI：5.8：9.1），2 分钟俯卧撑 20.1 次，（CI：16.2：23.9），1RM 箱式提升 5.6kg，（CI：2.6：5.8）和负重 222.1s，（CI：174.7：269.4）与最低新兵四分位相比。最高四分位在第 6-8 周和第 12 周时，1RM 箱式提升（-4%，-1%）和俯卧撑（2%，0%）的表现没有改善。相比之下，在同一时期，最低四分位的 1RM 箱式提升（16%，21%）和俯卧撑（46%，46%）的适应能力有所提高。
相当一部分新兵可能在完成基础军事训练时身体表现下降。应该考虑更高的相对强度心肺和阻力运动，以促进所有新兵的身体适应。
