媒体报道中自杀死亡与可疑的有害和保护因素之间的关联。
The association between suicide deaths and putatively harmful and protective factors in media reports.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto (Sinyor); Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto (Schaffer); Department of Psychiatry (Nishikawa), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto and Evaluative Clinical Sciences at the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Redelmeier), Toronto, Ont.; Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Suicide Research Unit (Niederkrotenthaler), Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences (Sareen), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry (Levitt), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto (Kiss), Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and University of Melbourne (Pirkis), Melbourne, Australia
Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto (Sinyor); Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto (Schaffer); Department of Psychiatry (Nishikawa), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto and Evaluative Clinical Sciences at the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Redelmeier), Toronto, Ont.; Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Suicide Research Unit (Niederkrotenthaler), Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Community Health Sciences (Sareen), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Psychiatry (Levitt), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto (Kiss), Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and University of Melbourne (Pirkis), Melbourne, Australia.
出版信息
CMAJ. 2018 Jul 30;190(30):E900-E907. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170698.
BACKGROUND
Exposure to media reporting on suicide can lead to suicide contagion and, in some circumstances, may also lead to help-seeking behaviour. There is limited evidence for which specific characteristics of media reports mediate these phenomena.
METHODS
This observational study examined associations between putatively harmful and protective elements of media reports about suicide in 13 major publications in the Toronto media market and subsequent suicide deaths in Toronto (2011-2014). We used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether specific article characteristics were associated with increases or decreases in suicide deaths in the 7 days after publication, compared with a control window.
RESULTS
From 2011 to 2014, there were 6367 articles with suicide as the major focus and 947 suicide deaths. Elements most strongly and independently associated with increased suicides were a statement about the inevitability of suicide (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, confidence interval [CI] 1.07-3.62), about asphyxia by a method other than car exhaust (OR 1.72, CI 1.36-2.18), about suicide by jumping from a building (OR 1.70, CI 1.28-2.26) or about suicide pacts (OR 1.63, CI 1.14-2.35), or a headline that included the suicide method (OR 1.41, CI 1.07-1.86). Elements most strongly and independently associated with decreased suicides were unfavourable characteristics (negative judgments about the deceased; OR 1.85, CI 1.20-2.84), or mentions of railway (OR 1.61, CI 1.10-2.36) and cutting or stabbing (OR 1.59, CI 1.19-2.13) deaths, and individual murder-suicide (OR 1.50, CI 1.23-1.84).
INTERPRETATION
This large study identified significant associations between several specific elements of media reports and suicide deaths. It suggests that reporting on suicide can have a meaningful impact on suicide deaths and that journalists and media outlets and organizations should carefully consider the specific content of reports before publication.
背景
接触有关自杀的媒体报道可能导致自杀传染，在某些情况下，也可能导致寻求帮助的行为。目前，关于媒体报道的哪些特定特征会影响这些现象，证据有限。
方法
本观察性研究调查了多伦多媒体市场 13 家主要出版物中关于自杀的报道中所谓的有害和保护因素与多伦多自杀死亡之间的关联（2011-2014 年）。我们使用多变量逻辑回归来确定与出版后 7 天内自杀死亡相比，特定文章特征是否与增加或减少自杀死亡相关，与对照窗口相比。
结果
2011 年至 2014 年，有 6367 篇以自杀为主要焦点的文章和 947 例自杀死亡。与自杀死亡增加最密切和独立相关的因素是关于自杀必然性的陈述（比值比[OR]1.97，置信区间[CI]1.07-3.62）、关于非汽车尾气窒息的方法（OR 1.72，CI 1.36-2.18）、关于跳楼自杀（OR 1.70，CI 1.28-2.26）或关于自杀协议（OR 1.63，CI 1.14-2.35），或标题中包含自杀方法（OR 1.41，CI 1.07-1.86）。与自杀死亡减少最密切和独立相关的因素是不利特征（对死者的负面评价；OR 1.85，CI 1.20-2.84），或提及铁路（OR 1.61，CI 1.10-2.36）和切割或刺伤（OR 1.59，CI 1.19-2.13）和个人谋杀-自杀（OR 1.50，CI 1.23-1.84）。
解释
这项大型研究确定了媒体报道的几个特定元素与自杀死亡之间的显著关联。这表明，有关自杀的报道可能对自杀死亡产生有意义的影响，记者和媒体机构和组织在发布前应仔细考虑报道的具体内容。
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