NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia.
The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Instituts, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco.
BMC Genet. 2018 Jul 31;19(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12863-018-0659-y.
The Hessian fly response genes, Hfr-1 and Hfr-2, have been reported to be significantly induced in a Hessian fly attack. Nothing is known about the allelic variants of these two genes in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) wheat cultivars.
Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of Hessian fly response genes have identified three alleles of Hessian fly response gene 1 (Hfr-1) on chromosome 4AL and 7DS, and 10 alleles of Hessian fly response gene 2 (Hfr-2) on chromosome 2BS, 2DL, 4BS, 4BL, 5AL and 5BL. Resequencing exons of Hfr-1 and Hfr-2 have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the lectin domain of each gene that segregates some R sources from S cultivars. Two SNP assays have been developed. The SNP883_Hfr-1 assay characterizes a 'G/A' SNP in Hfr-1, which differentiates 14 Hessian fly R cultivars from S ones. The SNP1294_Hfr-2 assay differentiates 12 R cultivars from S ones. Each of the two SNPs identified in Hfr-1 and Hfr-2 is 'G/A' and resulted in an amino acid change from isoleucine to valine in the lectin domain of the proteins of the alleles in the R cultivars. In addition to the genotype profiles of Hfr-1 and Hfr-2, generated for a set of 249 wheat cultivars which included a set of 39 R cultivars, this study has genotyped the Hessian fly response gene, HfrDrd, and the H32 gene for the wheat germplasm. Resistant cultivars from different origins with one, two, three or four resistance (R) genes in various combinations/permutations have been identified.
This study has identified allelic differences in two Hessian fly response genes, Hfr-1 and Hfr-2, between S and R cultivars and developed one SNP assay for each of the genes. These two SNP assays for Hfr-1 and Hfr-2, together with the published assays for HfrDrd and the H32 gene, can be used for the selection and incorporation of one or more of these 4 R genes identified in the different R sources in wheat breeding programs.
海森蝇应答基因 Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 已被报道在海森蝇攻击中显著诱导。在感病（S）和抗病（R）小麦品种中，这两个基因的等位变体尚不清楚。
海森蝇应答基因的基本局部比对搜索工具（BLAST）分析已在 4AL 和 7DS 染色体上鉴定出海森蝇应答基因 1（Hfr-1）的三个等位基因，以及在 2BS、2DL、4BS、4BL、5AL 和 5BL 染色体上鉴定出海森蝇应答基因 2（Hfr-2）的 10 个等位基因。对 Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 的外显子进行重测序，发现每个基因的凝集素结构域都存在一个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），该 SNP 在一些 R 来源中与 S 品种分离。已经开发了两种 SNP 检测方法。SNP883_Hfr-1 检测方法特征在于 Hfr-1 中的“G/A”SNP，可将 14 个海森蝇 R 品种与 S 品种区分开来。SNP1294_Hfr-2 检测方法可将 12 个 R 品种与 S 品种区分开来。在 R 品种等位基因的蛋白凝集素结构域中，Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 中鉴定出的两个 SNP 均为“G/A”，导致氨基酸从异亮氨酸变为缬氨酸。除了为包括 39 个 R 品种在内的 249 个小麦品种生成的 Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 的基因型图谱外，本研究还对 Hessian 蝇应答基因 HfrDrd 和小麦种质的 H32 基因进行了基因分型。已鉴定出具有不同来源的具有一个、两个、三个或四个抗性（R）基因的不同组合/排列的抗性品种。
本研究在 S 和 R 品种之间鉴定出了两个海森蝇应答基因 Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 的等位基因差异，并为每个基因开发了一个 SNP 检测方法。这两个用于 Hfr-1 和 Hfr-2 的 SNP 检测方法，以及已发表的用于 HfrDrd 和 H32 基因的检测方法，可用于在小麦育种计划中从不同 R 来源中选择和纳入这 4 个 R 基因中的一个或多个。
