Medical manslaughter in Hong Kong-how, why, and why not.

The increasing number of medical manslaughter cases in recent years raises concerns about the concept of criminal liability in medical negligence. Contemporary cases in Hong Kong have also generated debate on whether criminal law intervention is justified and effective at dealing with substandard medical practices. This paper examines the legal principles underlying the applicable legal offence of gross negligence manslaughter and the implications that recent events may have on patient care and the medical profession. The author argues that the criminalisation of medical mistakes can have a detrimental effect on clinical practice and patient welfare. At stake is the potential for a loss of mutual trust between the medical profession and the rest of society. Gross negligence manslaughter is an unstable legal concept, and criminal sanctions should at most be applied to conscious violations of established rules and standards but not unintentional errors. As we await the outcomes of ongoing cases in Hong Kong, there is an urgent need to uphold standards of practice and to nurture a robust culture of ethical awareness, compassionate care, and professionalism.