Kim Youjoung, Meade Seth M, Chen Keying, Feng He, Rayyan Jacob, Hess-Dunning Allison, Ereifej Evon S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Front Neurosci. 2018 Jul 17;12:456. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00456. eCollection 2018.
Intracortical microelectrodes (IME) are neural devices that initially were designed to function as neuroscience tools to enable researchers to understand the nervous system. Over the years, technology that aids interfacing with the nervous system has allowed the ability to treat patients with a wide range of neurological injuries and diseases. Despite the substantial success that has been demonstrated using IME in neural interface applications, these implants eventually fail due to loss of quality recording signals. Recent strategies to improve interfacing with the nervous system have been inspired by methods that mimic the native tissue. This review focusses on one strategy in particular, nano-architecture, a term we introduce that encompasses the approach of roughening the surface of the implant. Various nano-architecture approaches have been hypothesized to improve the biocompatibility of IMEs, enhance the recording quality, and increase the longevity of the implant. This review will begin by introducing IME technology and discuss the challenges facing the clinical deployment of IME technology. The biological inspiration of nano-architecture approaches will be explained as well as leading fabrication methods used to create nano-architecture and their limitations. A review of the effects of nano-architecture surfaces on neural cells will be examined, depicting the various cellular responses to these modified surfaces in both and pre-clinical models. The proposed mechanism elucidating the ability of nano-architectures to influence cellular phenotype will be considered. Finally, the frontiers of next generation nano-architecture IMEs will be identified, with perspective given on the future impact of this interfacing approach.
皮层内微电极（IME）是一种神经装置，最初被设计用作神经科学工具，以使研究人员能够了解神经系统。多年来，有助于与神经系统接口的技术已使治疗各种神经损伤和疾病的患者成为可能。尽管在神经接口应用中使用IME已取得了巨大成功，但这些植入物最终会因记录信号质量下降而失效。最近改善与神经系统接口的策略受到了模仿天然组织方法的启发。本综述特别关注一种策略，即纳米结构，这是我们引入的一个术语，涵盖了使植入物表面粗糙化的方法。已经假设了各种纳米结构方法来改善IME的生物相容性、提高记录质量并延长植入物的使用寿命。本综述将首先介绍IME技术，并讨论IME技术临床应用面临的挑战。将解释纳米结构方法的生物学灵感，以及用于创建纳米结构的主要制造方法及其局限性。将审查纳米结构表面对神经细胞的影响，描述在临床前模型和临床模型中对这些修饰表面的各种细胞反应。将考虑阐明纳米结构影响细胞表型能力的拟议机制。最后，将确定下一代纳米结构IME的前沿领域，并展望这种接口方法的未来影响。
