Chen Alan M, Trout Andrew T, Towbin Alexander J
Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5031, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2018 Aug;48(9):1337-1347. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4117-9. Epub 2018 Aug 4.
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. Historically, neuroblastoma has been staged using the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), which relies on surgical staging. This is problematic because surgical resection can vary among surgeons and tumors and occurs at interval times from diagnosis. In 2009 the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) created a new staging system that relies on preoperative imaging for staging. The INRG staging system consists of 20 image-defined risk factors (IDRF) across multiple organ systems, which help predict surgical outcomes/adequacy of resection and can be combined with clinical data to provide up-front risk stratification. The purpose of this review is to describe both the INSS and INRG staging systems and their limitations and to illustrate the definitions and IDRFs that comprise the INRG staging system.
神经母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的颅外实体恶性肿瘤。从历史上看，神经母细胞瘤一直使用国际神经母细胞瘤分期系统（INSS）进行分期，该系统依赖手术分期。这存在问题，因为不同外科医生对肿瘤的手术切除情况可能不同，而且手术切除在诊断后的不同时间进行。2009年，国际神经母细胞瘤风险组（INRG）创建了一种新的分期系统，该系统依赖术前影像学进行分期。INRG分期系统由多个器官系统中的20个图像定义风险因素（IDRF）组成，这些因素有助于预测手术结果/切除的充分性，并可与临床数据相结合以提供术前风险分层。本综述的目的是描述INSS和INRG分期系统及其局限性，并说明构成INRG分期系统的定义和IDRF。
