Miller Cathy, Breakwell Richard
NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK.
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2018 Apr 23;10(4):103-107. doi: 10.1080/17571472.2018.1459226. eCollection 2018.
There is a shortage of organs for transplantation in the UK. However, whilst 82% of the population consider donating their organs, only 35% of people have joined the NHS Organ Donor Register. Although the Human Tissue Acts (2004, 2006) and Human Transplantation (Wales) Act (2013) state that the wishes of the deceased cannot be vetoed, it is unlikely that healthcare teams will continue with the retrieval process without the family's agreement to proceed.To understand what influences the decision of families to donate in order to guide clinical practice, education, training and increase donation rates to 80% in line with the NHS Blood and Transplant - Taking Organ Donation to 2020 strategy. A literature review of published research. Seven papers met the inclusion criteria. Several significant factors were identified that influence family decisions, including prior knowledge of the deceased's wishes (e.g. carrying a donor card), presence at the time of the donor's injury, understanding of brain stem death testing, 'personal realisation' of death and hospital related factors (e.g. information, communication and care). These were organised to form the acronym DONATE that serves as a useful mnemonic to guide the requester prior to discussing organ donation. Rates of donation of organ donation may increase through understanding family decision-making.
在英国，用于移植的器官短缺。然而，虽然82%的人口考虑捐赠自己的器官，但只有35%的人加入了国民保健制度器官捐赠登记册。尽管《人体组织法》（2004年、2006年）和《人体移植（威尔士）法》（2013年）规定，死者的意愿不能被否决，但如果没有家属同意进行，医疗团队不太可能继续进行器官摘取过程。为了了解是什么影响了家属的捐赠决定，以便指导临床实践、教育、培训，并按照国民保健制度血液和移植部门的《2020年器官捐赠战略》将捐赠率提高到80%。对已发表的研究进行文献综述。七篇论文符合纳入标准。确定了几个影响家属决定的重要因素，包括对死者意愿的事先了解（如持有捐赠卡）、在捐赠者受伤时在场、对脑干死亡检测的理解、对死亡的“个人认知”以及医院相关因素（如信息、沟通和护理）。这些因素被组织起来形成首字母缩写词DONATE，这是一个有用的助记符，可在讨论器官捐赠之前指导询问者。通过了解家属的决策过程，器官捐赠率可能会提高。
