Muleviciene Audrone, Sestel Natalija, Stankeviciene Sigita, Sniukaite-Adner Daiva, Bartkeviciute Roma, Rascon Jelena, Jankauskiene Augustina
1 Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University , Vilnius, Lithuania .
2 Centre for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos , Vilnius, Lithuania .
Breastfeed Med. 2018 Sep;13(7):493-499. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0083. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in children aged 0-35 months in Lithuania. Nevertheless, there are no studies investigating IDA in this age group. We aimed to identify the major risk factors for disease development focusing on medical history and dietary habits.
A prospective case-control study was conducted in a university hospital. The enrolled cohort was divided into three groups: IDA infants (IDA-In; n = 36, aged 3-11 months), IDA children (IDA-Ch; n = 23, aged 12-32 months), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 32, aged 6-34 months).
There was a higher number of premature, low birth weight (LBW), and faster gaining weight infants in the IDA-In group. Their diet diversity was lower than IDA-Ch and HC. In contrast, the IDA-Ch group had no signs of impaired iron stores at birth or higher iron need for fast growth; their diet diversity was similar to that of HC, but meat was introduced later as compared with those in the IDA-In and HC groups. Consumption of cow's milk was rather low among all study participants, but consumption of sugar-added products was found to be a new emerging problem. Exclusive breastfeeding did not differ in duration and prevalence; the age for introduction of complementary foods was similar in all groups.
Low compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on breastfeeding and complementary feeding suggests an urgent need for nutritional counseling in early childhood, especially in premature, LBW, and fast gaining weight infants.
缺铁性贫血（IDA）在立陶宛0至35个月大的儿童中很常见。然而，目前尚无针对该年龄组缺铁性贫血的研究。我们旨在通过关注病史和饮食习惯来确定疾病发展的主要风险因素。
在一家大学医院进行了一项前瞻性病例对照研究。纳入的队列分为三组：IDA婴儿（IDA-In；n = 36，年龄3至11个月）、IDA儿童（IDA-Ch；n = 23，年龄12至32个月）和健康对照组（HCs；n = 32，年龄6至34个月）。
IDA-In组中早产、低出生体重（LBW）以及体重增长较快的婴儿数量较多。他们的饮食多样性低于IDA-Ch组和HC组。相比之下，IDA-Ch组在出生时没有铁储备受损的迹象，也没有因快速生长而对铁有更高需求；他们的饮食多样性与HC组相似，但与IDA-In组和HC组相比，肉类引入较晚。所有研究参与者中牛奶的消费量较低，但发现添加糖产品的消费是一个新出现的问题。纯母乳喂养的持续时间和普及率没有差异；所有组引入辅食的年龄相似。
对世界卫生组织（WHO）关于母乳喂养和辅食喂养建议的依从性较低，表明幼儿期迫切需要营养咨询，尤其是对于早产、低出生体重和体重增长较快的婴儿。
