From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.).
Radiographics. 2018 Sep-Oct;38(5):1552-1575. doi: 10.1148/rg.2018170011. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
Parotid gland lesions in children can be divided into benign or malignant. The age of the patient helps narrow the differential diagnosis, with vascular and congenital lesions being more frequent in the 1st year of life, while solid tumors are more frequent in older children. Inflammatory disease usually has rapid onset in comparison with that of neoplastic or congenital processes, which have more gradual clinical evolution. Currently, multiple imaging techniques are available to study the parotid region, such as US, CT, and MRI. However, it is still a challenge to distinguish nonmalignant lesions from malignant ones. US is the first-line diagnostic approach in children to characterize the morphology and vascularity of these lesions. CT in children may be indicated for evaluation of abscesses or sialolithiasis. MRI is the imaging modality of choice for investigating the nature of the lesion and its extent. In addition to complete and detailed clinical information, knowledge of parotid gland anatomy and characteristic radiologic features of parotid disorders is essential for optimal radiologic evaluation and avoiding unnecessary interventional diagnostic procedures or treatment. This article illustrates a variety of entities (congenital, inflammatory, vascular, neoplastic) that can occur in the parotid gland, highlighting the most frequent radiologic patterns of manifestation and correlating them with clinical, surgical, and pathologic findings. RSNA, 2018.
儿童腮腺区病变可分为良性或恶性。患者年龄有助于缩小鉴别诊断的范围，1 岁以内血管性和先天性病变更为常见，而大龄儿童则更常见实性肿瘤。与肿瘤或先天性病变相比，炎症性疾病的发病通常更为迅速，后者的临床演变更为渐进。目前，有多种影像学技术可用于研究腮腺区，如超声、CT 和 MRI。然而，要区分良恶性病变仍然具有挑战性。在儿童中，US 是用于描述这些病变形态和血管特征的首选一线诊断方法。CT 可能适用于评估脓肿或涎石症。MRI 是评估病变性质及其范围的首选影像学方法。除了完整和详细的临床信息外，了解腮腺解剖结构和腮腺病变的特征性放射学特征对于最佳放射学评估和避免不必要的介入性诊断程序或治疗至关重要。本文介绍了可发生于腮腺的多种病变（先天性、炎症性、血管性、肿瘤性），重点介绍了最常见的放射表现模式，并将其与临床、外科和病理发现相关联。RSNA，2018 年。
