Food (Salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jul;73(7):969-978. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0275-y. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
The association of calcium intake with risk of developing hypertension in the general population has not been established yet. We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases up to February 2018 to find prospective observational studies investigating the association of calcium intake with risk of developing hypertension. The reported risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Eight prospective cohort studies (248,398 participants and 30,838 cases) were included. Seven studies measured dietary calcium intake, but one study measured total calcium intake (calcium from food and supplements). A significant inverse association was found for the highest versus lowest category of calcium intake (relative risk: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.93; I = 0%, n = 8), and for each 500 mg/d increment (relative risk: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.90, 0.97; I = 64%, n = 7). Summary results were the same with the main analyses when the analyses were restricted only to dietary calcium intake. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis exhibited a linear inverse association, with a somewhat steeper trend within the low and moderate intakes. In conclusion, higher dietary calcium intake, independent of adiposity and intake of other blood pressure-related minerals, is slightly associated with a lower risk of developing hypertension.
钙摄入量与普通人群高血压发病风险之间的关联尚未确定。我们系统地检索了 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库，截至 2018 年 2 月，以寻找前瞻性观察性研究，调查钙摄入量与高血压发病风险之间的关系。使用随机效应模型汇总报告的风险估计值。共纳入 8 项前瞻性队列研究（248398 名参与者和 30838 例病例）。其中 7 项研究测量了膳食钙摄入量，但有 1 项研究测量了总钙摄入量（食物和补充剂中的钙）。最高与最低钙摄入量组之间存在显著的负相关（相对风险：0.89，95%置信区间：0.86，0.93；I ² = 0%，n = 8），且每增加 500mg/d 钙摄入量（相对风险：0.93，95%置信区间：0.90，0.97；I ² = 64%，n = 7）也呈负相关。当仅分析膳食钙摄入量时，主要分析的汇总结果与主要分析相同。非线性剂量-反应荟萃分析显示出线性负相关，在低和中等摄入量范围内呈略微陡峭的趋势。总之，与肥胖和其他与血压相关的矿物质的摄入量无关，较高的膳食钙摄入量与较低的高血压发病风险略有相关。
