Contradictory results of serological confirmatory test and real-time PCR assays in diagnosis a patient of HIV-1 infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a major public health problem worldwide. Here we report the case of a patient with positive HIV-1 serology and negative result of The COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS Taqman HIV-1 Test version 2.0 (CAP/CTM v2.0) assay (Roche Diagnostics) for HIV-1 RNA quantification in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Considering the HIV contact history and repeating serological confirmatory test is essential before considering a low or even undetectable HIV-1 viral load to be a false-negative result.