Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Immunol. 2018 Jul 27;9:1734. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01734. eCollection 2018.
Currently, oral infection is the most frequent transmission mechanism of Chagas disease in Brazil and others Latin American countries. This transmission pathway presents increased mortality rate in the first 2 weeks, which is higher than the calculated mortality after the biting of infected insect vectors. Thus, the oral route of infection, and the consequences in the host must be taken into account when thinking on the mechanisms underlying the natural history of the disease. Distinct routes of parasite entry may differentially affect immune circuits, stimulating regional immune responses that impact on the overall profile of the host protective immunity. Experimental studies related to oral infection usually comprise inoculation in the mouth (oral infection, OI) or gavage (gastrointestinal infection, GI), being often considered as similar routes of infection. Hence, establishing a relationship between the inoculation site (OI or GI) with disease progression and the mounting of -specific regional immune responses is an important issue to be considered. Here, we provide a discussion on studies performed in OI and GI in experimental models of acute infections, including infection.
目前，口腔感染是巴西和其他拉丁美洲国家中恰加斯病最常见的传播机制。这种传播途径在感染后的前 2 周内死亡率增加，高于感染昆虫媒介叮咬后的死亡率。因此，在考虑疾病自然史的潜在机制时，必须考虑感染的口腔途径和对宿主的后果。寄生虫进入的不同途径可能会对免疫回路产生不同的影响，刺激局部免疫反应，从而影响宿主保护性免疫的整体特征。与口腔感染相关的实验研究通常包括口腔接种（口腔感染，OI）或灌胃（胃肠道感染，GI），通常被认为是类似的感染途径。因此，确定接种部位（OI 或 GI）与疾病进展和特异性局部免疫反应的建立之间的关系是一个需要考虑的重要问题。在这里，我们讨论了在急性感染实验模型中进行的 OI 和 GI 研究，包括 Trypanosoma cruzi 感染。
