Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
Adv Mater. 2018 Nov;30(47):e1802560. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802560. Epub 2018 Aug 13.
Flexible/stretchable electronic devices and systems are attracting great attention because they can have important applications in many areas, such as artificial intelligent (AI) robotics, brain-machine interfaces, medical devices, structural and environmental monitoring, and healthcare. In addition to the electronic performance, the electronic devices and systems should be mechanically flexible or even stretchable. Traditional electronic materials including metals and semiconductors usually have poor mechanical flexibility and very limited elasticity. Three main strategies are adopted for the development of flexible/stretchable electronic materials. One is to use organic or polymeric materials. These materials are flexible, and their elasticity can be improved through chemical modification or composition formation with plasticizers or elastomers. Another strategy is to exploit nanometer-scale materials. Many inorganic materials in nanometer sizes can have high flexibility. They can be stretchable through the composition formation with elastomers. Ionogels can be considered as the third type of materials because they can be stretchable and ionically conductive. This article provides the recent progress of soft functional materials development including intrinsically conductive polymers for flexible/stretchable electrodes, and thermoelectric conversion and polymer composites for large area, flexible stretchable electrodes, and tactile sensors.
柔性/可拉伸电子设备和系统受到了极大的关注，因为它们在许多领域有重要的应用，如人工智能（AI）机器人、脑机接口、医疗设备、结构和环境监测以及医疗保健。除了电子性能外，电子设备和系统还应该具有机械柔韧性甚至可拉伸性。传统的电子材料，包括金属和半导体，通常具有较差的机械柔韧性和非常有限的弹性。开发柔性/可拉伸电子材料主要有三种策略。一种是使用有机或聚合物材料。这些材料具有柔韧性，通过化学修饰或与增塑剂或弹性体形成组成，可以提高其弹性。另一种策略是利用纳米尺度的材料。许多纳米尺寸的无机材料具有很高的柔韧性。通过与弹性体组成，可以实现拉伸。离子凝胶可以被认为是第三类材料，因为它们具有可拉伸性和离子导电性。本文提供了软功能材料开发的最新进展，包括用于柔性/可拉伸电极的本征导电聚合物，以及用于大面积、柔性可拉伸电极和触觉传感器的热电转换和聚合物复合材料。
