Šušoliaková Oľga, Šmejkalová Jindra, Bičíková Marie, Hodačová Lenka, Málková Andrea, Fiala Zdeněk
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018 Jun;26(2):92-97. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5092.
Early morning shifts have a negative effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the extent of occupational stress in early shift workers of the car industry by using salivary cortisol as an objective marker during a workday and on a day off.
For this cross-sectional epidemiological type of study, a survey included 55 suitable volunteers from the car industry. Five saliva samples were collected according to the following schedule: during one work day in the morning, during the morning shift from 6 a.m. - 2 p.m., then after the shift was completed, 3 hours after work and in the evening before going to sleep. Control samples were taken from the same participants on a day off. Radioimmunoanalysis was used as the main analytical method, and the effect of factors and between-factor interactions on the levels of salivary cortisol during the workday were assessed using an ANOVA model.
The cortisol diurnal rhythm was as expected, with the highest values in the morning and declining to the lowest values in the evening hours. Concentrations of salivary cortisol showed higher values during the workday, especially higher concentrations of evening cortisol and attenuated cortisol slope. Based on the results, irregular shift work has a greater increase in cortisol excretion after waking in the morning and a slower progressive recovery of the organism during the workday. In addition, cortisol levels were significantly higher in older women than in older men but did not differ in younger subjects.
Salivary cortisol levels are a suitable objective marker of stress and can be used as a good predictor of occupational stress by public health services for the purposes of primary prevention.
清晨轮班对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴有负面影响。本研究的目的是通过在工作日和休息日使用唾液皮质醇作为客观标志物，全面评估汽车行业早班工人的职业压力程度。
对于这种横断面流行病学类型的研究，一项调查纳入了55名来自汽车行业的合适志愿者。按照以下时间表收集五份唾液样本：在一个工作日的早晨、上午6点至下午2点的早班期间、轮班结束后、下班后3小时以及晚上睡觉前。在休息日从相同参与者身上采集对照样本。放射免疫分析用作主要分析方法，并使用方差分析模型评估工作日期间各因素及其相互作用对唾液皮质醇水平的影响。
皮质醇昼夜节律符合预期，早晨值最高，晚上降至最低值。工作日期间唾液皮质醇浓度较高，尤其是晚上皮质醇浓度更高且皮质醇斜率减弱。基于这些结果，不规则轮班工作在早晨醒来后皮质醇排泄增加幅度更大，且工作日期间机体恢复进程较慢。此外，老年女性的皮质醇水平显著高于老年男性，但年轻受试者之间无差异。
唾液皮质醇水平是压力的合适客观标志物，可被公共卫生服务机构用作职业压力的良好预测指标，以进行一级预防。
