Adeyemi-Walker Leanne Jaye, Duncan Michael, Tallis Jason, Eyre Emma
Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK.
Children (Basel). 2018 Aug 13;5(8):110. doi: 10.3390/children5080110.
This study compared the mastery of fundamental motor skills (FMS) of males and females in early-childhood (four to five years, = 170) and in middle-childhood (nine to ten years, = 109) who attend schools in deprived and ethnically diverse areas of England. Process FMS (object control and locomotor skills) were observed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2. Sprint speed over 10 meters and jump distance assessments were conducted using light gates and tape measures. A gender (male vs. female) by year-group (early-childhood vs. middle-childhood) interaction was shown for the process and product-oriented FMS measurements. Middle-childhood males and females demonstrated significantly greater FMS mastery, as compared to early-childhood ( < 0.05). Furthermore, middle-childhood males demonstrated significantly greater mastery of total FMS, object control skills, and product-oriented assessments, in comparison to females ( < 0.05). Children of Black and White ethnic groups achieved significantly greater mastery of locomotor skills, compared to Asian children, though this did not differ by year-group ( < 0.05). The results suggest that FMS development in deprived and ethnically diverse areas in England varies between genders during middle-childhood and ethnicity. Thus, interventions addressing the lack of FMS mastery achievement, shown in middle-childhood girls and children from Asian ethnic backgrounds, may be pivotal. Further exploration of the role of ethnicity would provide greater clarity in approaching interventions to improve FMS.
本研究比较了在英格兰贫困且种族多样地区上学的幼儿期（4至5岁，n = 170）和童年中期（9至10岁，n = 109）的男性和女性基本运动技能（FMS）的掌握情况。使用《大肌肉发展测试-2》观察过程性FMS（物体控制和运动技能）。使用光电门和卷尺进行10米短跑速度和跳远距离评估。在过程性和以产品为导向的FMS测量中，显示出性别（男性与女性）×年级组（幼儿期与童年中期）的交互作用。与幼儿期相比，童年中期的男性和女性表现出对FMS的掌握程度显著更高（p < 0.05）。此外，与女性相比，童年中期的男性在总FMS、物体控制技能和以产品为导向的评估方面表现出显著更高的掌握程度（p < 0.05）。与亚洲儿童相比，黑人和白人种族的儿童在运动技能方面的掌握程度显著更高，尽管各年级组之间没有差异（p < 0.05）。结果表明，在英格兰贫困且种族多样的地区，FMS的发展在童年中期因性别和种族而异。因此，针对童年中期女孩和亚洲种族背景儿童中表现出的FMS掌握不足的干预措施可能至关重要。对种族作用的进一步探索将为改进FMS的干预措施提供更清晰的思路。
