白桦芽提取物的细胞毒性：肿瘤治疗的新视角。
Cytotoxicity of white birch bud extracts: Perspectives for therapy of tumours.
机构信息
Forest Faculty, Bialystok University of Technology, Hajnówka, Poland.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 14;13(8):e0201949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201949. eCollection 2018.
Birch buds (Gemmae Betulae) are widely used in Russian and Chinese traditional medicine mainly as a diuretic and diaphoretic agent but also as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Despite the long history of therapeutic use of birch buds in folk medicine, the existing information on their chemical composition and pharmacological effects is insufficient. This circumstance warrants further study of the chemistry and pharmacology of birch buds. The present study was designed to investigate (a) the chemical composition of buds from two species of white birch and (b) the in vitro cytotoxic effect of extracts from these sources on selected tumour cells. Extracts from Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth. buds were obtained using three different methods: carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), washing of exudate covering whole buds, and extraction of milled buds with diethyl ether. The chemical composition of extracts was investigated by GC-MS. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay, and cell proliferation was determined by [3H]thymidine uptake in cancer cells and normal skin fibroblasts. The GC-MS investigation identified a total of 150 substances of different classes. The chemical composition of B. pubescens and B. pendula buds differed, with bud extracts from the former containing a relatively high quantity of sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids, while the main components of extracts from the latter were triterpenoids. The results of the biological assay indicated that birch bud extracts demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent and differential cytotoxicity. The highest cytotoxic activity demonstrated bud exudates and SFE extracts obtained from both Betula species. The rich chemical composition of birch buds suggests the possibility of a wider spectrum of biological activity than previously thought. Birch bud extracts could be a promising source of compounds with cytotoxic activity against various cancers.
桦树芽（桦树 Gemmae）在俄罗斯和中国传统医学中被广泛应用，主要用作利尿剂和发汗剂，但也具有防腐、抗炎和镇痛作用。尽管桦树芽在民间医学中的治疗应用历史悠久，但关于其化学成分和药理作用的现有信息还不够充分。这种情况需要进一步研究桦树芽的化学和药理学。本研究旨在调查：（a）两种白桦树芽的化学成分；（b）这些来源的提取物对选定肿瘤细胞的体外细胞毒性作用。使用三种不同的方法从欧洲白桦（Betula pubescens Ehrh.）和欧洲山桦（Betula pendula Roth.）芽中提取提取物：二氧化碳超临界流体提取（SFE）、桦树芽渗出物的洗涤和用乙醚提取磨碎的芽。通过 GC-MS 研究提取物的化学成分。通过 MTT 测定法测定细胞毒性，通过 [3H]胸苷摄取测定法在癌细胞和正常皮肤成纤维细胞中测定细胞增殖。GC-MS 研究共鉴定出 150 种不同类别的物质。桦树芽的化学成分不同，前者芽提取物含有相对较高量的倍半萜和类黄酮，而后者提取物的主要成分是三萜。生物测定结果表明，桦树芽提取物表现出时间和浓度依赖性和差异细胞毒性。桦树芽渗出物和两种桦树的 SFE 提取物表现出最高的细胞毒性活性。桦树芽丰富的化学成分表明其具有比以前认为的更广泛的生物活性的可能性。桦树芽提取物可能是具有针对各种癌症的细胞毒性活性的化合物的有前途的来源。
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